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| A political agenda is a set of issues and policies laid out by ideological or political groups; as well as topics under discussion by an governmental executive, or a cabinet in government that tries to influence current and near-future political news and debate. |
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| A process by which business decisions are analyzed. The benefits of a given situation or business-related action are summed and then the costs associated with taking that action are subtracted. |
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| Majoritarianism is a traditional political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language, social class or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the society. |
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| a group of people drawn or acting together in support of a common interest or to voice a common concern: Political interest groups seek to influence legislation. interest group definition. An organized group that tries to influence the government to adopt certain policies or measures. |
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| Client politics is the type of politics when an organized minority or interest group benefits at the expense of the public. Client politics may have a strong interaction with the dynamics of identity politics. |
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| someone (usually active in the fields of either politics or business) who founds a new political project, group, or political party |
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| pork-barrel legislation definition. Appropriations made by a legislature for projects that are not essential but are sought because they pump money and resources into the local districts of the legislators. |
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| the practice of exchanging favors, esp. in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation |
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| someone (usually active in the fields of either politics or business) who founds a new political project, group, or political party |
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| The Superfund program is part of a federal government effort to clean up land in the United States that has been contaminated by hazardous waste and that has been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency |
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| An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities. |
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| Regulation or Deregulation |
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| Regulation refers to controlling business through laws passed by the government. To protect the interests of consumers, government institutes regulatory laws. Conversely, deregulation deals with the elimination of government laws and rules. These laws, or removal of them, impact consumer and business activities such as obtaining loans, importing supplies and selling products. |
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| Process Regulation/Blanket regulation |
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| A rule of order having the force of law, prescribed by a superior or competent authority, relating to the actions of those under the authority's control. Regulations are issued by various federal government departments and agencies to carry out the intent of legislation enacted by Congress |
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| A lack or impairment in mental or physical functioning. deficit definition. A shortage, especially the amount by which a sum of money falls short of what is required; a debt. |
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| the total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, by various means. |
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| The total of goods and services produced by a country |
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| Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. |
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| the theory or practice of controlling the supply of money as the chief method of stabilizing the economy. |
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| supply-side economics definition. An economic theory that holds that, by lowering taxes on corporations, government can stimulate investment in industry and thereby raise production, which will, in turn, bring down prices and control inflation. |
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| the economic policies of the former US president Ronald Reagan, associated esp. with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity. |
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| a group of three people working together, esp. in an administrative or managerial capacity. |
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| short for Federal Reserve |
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| In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxation) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending in various sectors. |
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| The beneficiaries of entitlement programs are normally individual citizens or residents, although sometimes organizations such as business corporations, local governments, or even political parties may have similar special 'entitlements' under certain programs. |
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| A budget resolution is an internal management tool used by Congress to structure its spending and tax decisions. It consists of legislative language and looks like a bill, but it's not a bill. |
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| A continuing resolution is a type of appropriations legislation. An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. |
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| Discretionary spending v Mandatory spending |
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| Discretionary spending is a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill. This spending is optional as part of fiscal policy, in contrast to entitlement programs for which funding is mandatory. In the United States, mandatory spending refers to budget authority and ensuing outlays provided in laws other than appropriations acts, including annually appropriated entitlements. In fiscal year (FY) 2011, mandatory spending accounted for about 60 percent of the federal budget. |
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| Gramm-Rudman Act (1985) Balanced budget Act |
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| The term "budget sequestration" was first used to describe a section of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Deficit Reduction Act of 1985. The Acts aimed to cut the United States federal budget deficit, which at the time, in dollar term, was the largest in history. |
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| Budget enforcement act (1990) |
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| codified to enforce the deficit reduction accomplished by that law and revise the budget control process of the Federal Government. The Act created two new budget control processes: a set of caps on annually-appropriated spending, and a "pay-as-you-go" or "PAYGO" process for entitlements and taxes. The law departed from the fixed deficit targets of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act and imposed no penalty if the deficit for a given year grew outside the Office of Management and Budget "Snapshot" or deficit estimate, provided this budget growth was out of Congress' control. |
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