Term
| What is high-tech politics? |
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Definition
| A politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other means of popular communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Events purposely staged for the media that nonetheless look spontaneous. In keeping with politics as theater, media events can be staged by individuals, groups, and government officials, especially presidents. |
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Term
| What were the seven principles that the Reagan house operated on concerning the media? |
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Definition
1. Plan ahead
2. Stay on the offensive
3. Control the flower of information
4. Limit reporters' access to the president
5. Talk about the issues you want to talk about
6. Speak in one voice
7. Repeat the same message many times |
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Term
| What are press conferences? |
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Definition
| Meetings of public officials with reporters |
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Term
| What is investigative journalism? |
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Definition
| The use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders |
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Term
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Definition
| Newspapers and magazines, as compared with broadcast media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public television, radio, and the internet, as compared with print media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Communications Commission |
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Term
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Definition
| Media programming on cable TV or the Internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. Examples include MTV, ESPN, and C-SPAN. |
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Term
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Definition
| Newspapers published by massive media conglomerates that account for over four-fifths of the nation's daily newspaper circulation. Often these chains control broadcast medias as well. |
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Term
| Who are the five major media conglomerates? |
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Definition
| Disney, Viacom, Bertlenhetters (sp?), News Corporation, and Time Warner |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific locations from which news frequently emanates, such as Congress or the White House. Most top reporters work a particular beat, thereby becoming specialists in what goes on at that location. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news. |
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Term
| According to social science studies, is the media biased? |
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Definition
| No. Most stories are presented in a "point/counterpoint" format in which two opposing points of view are presented, and the audience is left to draw its own conclusions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera. Because this is visually unappealing, the major commercial networks rarely show a politician talking one-on-one for very long. |
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Term
| What is the policy agenda? |
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Definition
| The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at the time. |
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Term
| What are policy entreprenuers? |
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Definition
| People who invest their political "capital" in an issue. According to John Kingdon, a policy entrepreneur "could be in or out of government, in elected or appointed positions, in interest groups or research organizations". |
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Term
| What does purposive mean? |
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Definition
| It means that what people see is the product of their own intentional choices. |
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Term
| In Herbert Hoover's presidency and before, how did reporters ask the president questions? |
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Definition
| They submitted it in writing, if at all. |
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Term
| What president saw the media as an "ally", and practically invented media politics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "yellow journalism"? |
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Definition
| A sensational style of reporting focused on violence, corruption, wars, and gossip with an often less-than-scrupulous regard for the truth. |
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Term
| Wheres one newspaper sold for every 1 adult in 1960, by 2008 one paper was sold for every ____ adults. |
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Definition
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Term
| What event signified that television had taken over newspaper as the most important form of communication in American politics? |
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Definition
| The Nixon-Kennedy debate in 1960, when Nixon's visual appearaance caused people to think he didn't come out on top in the debate. |
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Term
| What three ways does the FCC regulate the airways? |
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Definition
1. To prevent near monopolies of control over a broadcast market, it instituted rules to limit the number of stations owned or controlled by one company.
2. Conducts periodic examinations of the goals and performance of stations as part of its licensing authority.
3. Issued a number of fair treatment rules concerning access to the airwaves for political candidates and office holders. |
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Term
| What four things did the study by Columbia University's Project for Excellence in Journalism show about cable news? |
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Definition
1. Only 11 % of the time was taken up with written and edited stories
2. The role of the reporter was primarily to talk extemporaneously
3. Stories were repeated frequently, usually with any impotant new information
4. Coverage of the news was spotty, ignoring many important topics |
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Term
| How do reporters and their official sources have a symbiotic relationship? |
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Definition
| News makers rely on journalists to get their message out at the same time that reporters rely on public officials to keep them in the know. |
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Term
| During the 1991 Gulf War, 15 influential news organiations sent a letter to the secretary of defense complaining that the rules for reporting war were: |
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Definition
| Designed more to control the news to faciliate it, as the freedom of movement and observation were severely restricted during the war. |
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Term
| What does it mean when the Pentagon "embedded" reporters during the 2003 military campaign for Saddam Hussein? |
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Definition
| They put them in the same unit as the military, enabling them to report on combat activity has it happens and thus have an increased ability to transmit combat footage. |
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Term
| A content analysis by Farnsworth and Lichter found that 35 percent of major TV network stories contained combat scenes compared to just __ percent in 1991. |
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Definition
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Term
| What has happened concerning reporting since the Watergate scandal? |
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Definition
| News organizations have regularly sent reporters on beats to expose the uglier side of government corruption and inefficiency. |
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Term
| What single word describes news coverage by the print and broadcast media? |
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Definition
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Term
| Analysis of news events rarely lasts more than a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the overriding bias in journalism? |
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Definition
| Toward stories that will draw the largest audience. |
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Term
| What is the minimal effects hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Doubt that the media had more than a marginal effect on public opinion, because it didn't effect how people voted. |
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Term
| What major impact does television media on Americans? |
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Definition
| It alters the priorities that American attach to a circumscribed set of problems, all of which are plausible contenders for public concern. |
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Term
| By increasing public attention to specific problems, the media influence what? |
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Definition
| The criteria by which the public evaluates political leaders. |
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Term
| The media acts as what between the people and the policy makers and have a profund impact on what? |
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Definition
Key linkage institutions.
Political policy agenda. |
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Term
| Television finds it easier to focus on who? |
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Definition
| Individuals as opposed to groups. |
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