Term
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Definition
| When a policy is created that grows and is hard to get rid of. |
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Term
| Majoritarian policy (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
Wide cost and benefits
EX/ Finding a cure or cancer |
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Term
| Interest Group Policy (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
Narrow Cost and Benefit
EX/ Postal workers picking up boxes weighing over 70 lbs |
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Term
| Who likes to get involved in interest group policy? |
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Definition
| interest groups! (too obvious?) |
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Term
| Client Policy (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
Wide cost and Narrow Benefits
EX/ Bank bailout (depending on your view) |
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Term
| Entrepreneurial policy (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
Wide benefits and Narrow cost
EX/ Manufacturer has to cut down on emissions-they pay for it. |
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Term
| Who could be considered a policy entrepreneur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Individual income taxes (______Taxes)make up what percent of federal revenue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Social insurance taxes (_______taxes) make up what percent of fed. revenue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| money goes to Sacremento and is equally distributed |
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Term
How are the following "untouchables":
a. Social Security
b. Interest payments |
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Definition
a. b/c it would be political suicide
b. b/c no one would trust U.S. money & economy would be in ruins |
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Term
| Where (what branch) does the budget process begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does fiscal year begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats the difference between budget deficit and national debt? |
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Definition
| budget deficit is annual debt and national debt is the accumulation of budget deficit. |
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Term
| Recent developments in national dept: |
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Definition
Reagan: 1 trillion to 3 trillion
Bush:4 1/2 to 4 trillion
Clinton: 4 trillion
Bush: 10 trillion |
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Term
| What is fiscal economic policy? |
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Definition
| taxing and spending- budget matters |
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Term
| What is a monetary economic policy? |
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Definition
| regulation of money supply by the fed |
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Term
| What's the purpose of fiscal and monetary policy? |
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Definition
| to moderate the business cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Gov should manipulate economic health of the economy by level of spending hard times gov increases spending and in "boom" times gov should decrease spending |
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Term
| Keynesian econ. influenced what act? What did this act do? |
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Definition
| Employment act of 1946: made gov responsible for maintaining high employment rates. |
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Term
| What difficulties are proposed by Keynesian econ? |
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Definition
| Leads to major budget deficits & doesn't get along w? politics. |
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Term
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Definition
| cuts in taxes will produce business investment that will compensate for money loss b/c of lower tax rates. Tax rates will be lower while business booms. |
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Term
| Effects of supply side econ? |
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Definition
| addresses determinants of supply, alters supply curve, spending increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fed tightens money supply to reduce inflation or loosens up money supply to stimulate the economy. |
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Term
| The fed has how many district banks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 types of subsides: |
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Definition
| Cash, Tax incentives, credit subsides, benefit-in-kind subsides. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of subsides? |
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Definition
| An attempt by gov. to encourage a private sector behavior. |
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Term
| How does gov regulate business? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of gov business regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Economic regulation (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
gov controls on behavior of business in the marketplace.
Ex/ Regulating through FCC FTC |
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Term
| Social Regulation (And EXAMPLE) |
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Definition
Gov controls to correct ill side effects of capitalism.
Ex/ Worker safety, child labor, environmental |
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Term
| Arguments in favor of regulation |
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Definition
| Prevents unhealthy monopolies; protects consumers from unsafe products and work conditions; protects poor from massive corps |
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Term
| Arguments against regulation |
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Definition
| marketplace regulates itself; inefficient (must hire specialists); pass costs onto consumers; must compete with global market on outsourcing |
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Term
| Deregulation (And Example) |
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Definition
Cutting back on gov regulation
EX/ Airline industry- used to be regulated so all airlines had the same rates and fares, in 1978 congress passed legislation allowing them to set their own rates and fares. |
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Term
| What were effects of deregulation in the airline industry? |
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Definition
| Reduced airfare, made it possible for general public to afford, ended services to small rural communities, some airlines went bankrupt, cut-throat competition leads to airlines acting unfairly |
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Term
-National environmental policy act of 1969
-Air Quality act 1967
-Superfund |
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Definition
-Required environmental impact reports before major construction projects
-Established emission standards for cars and factories.
-Fund to clean up toxic waste dumps |
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Term
| Foreign policy is a shared responsibility of whom? Who is primarily responsible? What act determined this? |
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Definition
| President and Congress; The president; US v Curtiss Wright |
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Term
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Definition
| Cabinet official responsible for foreign affairs. |
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Term
| What kind of policies does the NSC coordinate? Who are members of the NSC? |
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Definition
| national security; Pres, VP, Sec. of state, Sec. of defense, CIA head, national security head, and others. |
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Term
| Who is responsible for coming up with new weapons and managing super computers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between unilateral and multilateral operations |
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Definition
| unilateral is when U.s Invades alone and multilateral is when multiple countries invade |
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Term
| Difference between civil liberties and civil rights? |
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Definition
| civil liberties are basic fundamental rights from B.O.R. whereas civil rights is protection against discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th amend does not apply to states, only to national gov. (due process clause & just compensation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gov cant take away life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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Term
| Gitlow V. New York determined: |
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Definition
| 14th amendment incorporates 1st amendment & free speech is a liberty |
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Term
| difference between total incorporation and selective incorporation? |
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Definition
total= entire bill of rights applies to states
selective= incorporates bill of rights on a case to case basis |
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Term
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Definition
| no mixing between church and state. |
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Term
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Definition
| acceptable view of mixing church and state (like "in god we trust") |
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Term
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Definition
| wall of separation b/w church and state |
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Term
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Definition
| belief gov cant restrict, practice can be limited |
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Term
| Lemon V. Kurtzman dealt with and established: |
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Definition
| addressed gov money being given to private religious schools; The "Lemon test"= Three requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| congress wont make laws prohibiting free exercise of religion |
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Term
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Definition
| encouraged people to refuse draft, courts ruled his punishment constitutional because there was "clear and present danger' in his speech |
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Term
| Preferred position doctrine |
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Definition
| free speech should be a preferred position above other values and a gov should virtually never restrict it. |
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Term
| What is prior restraint and courts presume it to be: |
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Definition
| blocking speech before it is given; unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| speech restrictions cannot be overly broad so that protected speech would be restricted. |
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Term
| Least dramatic means test |
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Definition
| Laws cannot restrict speech if there are other means to handle the problem |
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Term
| What are "sunshine laws"? |
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Definition
| Laws that require agencies to open their meetings to the public and press. |
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Term
| Freedom of information act? |
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Definition
| allows public access to gov files. |
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Term
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Definition
| they protect reporters from having to reveal their sources. |
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Term
| New York Times v. sullivan |
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Definition
| The Court held that the First Amendment protects the publication of all statements, even false ones, about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with actual malice |
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Term
| Diff between slander and libel |
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Definition
Slander= spoken
Libel= written |
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Term
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Definition
| Educators did not offend the First Amendment by exercising editorial control over the content of student speech so long as their actions were "reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns." |
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Term
| Campaign finance reform laws |
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Definition
| Citizens cant issue adds 60 days before a general election |
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Term
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Definition
| required radio to allow broad spectrum of viewpoints, was repealed by the FCC in 1987 |
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Term
| difference between political association and personal |
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Definition
| belonging to interest groups, pacs, etc vs belonging to private clubs |
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Term
| who is the suspect class? |
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Definition
| a group of people that are discriminated against/for b/c of race or nationality historically. |
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