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Definition
| "Rebirth" This is like the 15th century recreation of culture basically. They went back to the ancients, started painting and becoming humanistic. Individualism and secularism. |
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| Was a league of traders basically that controlled most of the shipping areas in the north. They basically has a monopoly on logging and all basic goods. |
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| Florence,Milan,Venice, The Papal states |
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Definition
| Were basically the dominate players in Italy during the Renaissance. They were city states that basically led the world in culture. Milan and Venice and Florence controlled northern Italy and Papal States controlled central Italia. |
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| Was one of the more dominate families in Florence. They were bankers who basically became super rich and controlled Florence for a while. They however did fall later because of bad banking but for a while were the most powerful family in Florence. |
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Definition
| Was the ruling family of Milan for a long time. They were good rulers but died out. They created a good centralized state. |
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| Was one of the ruling families in Italy. Created highly centralized state and used taxation to maintain this power. |
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| "Book of the Courtier" by Baldassare Castiglione |
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Definition
| Basically was the book that told people how Courtiers were suppose to act. He wrote the ideals for the nobles. It was fundamentally Important to European culture. |
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Definition
| she was one of the more prominent rulers in Italy during the renaissance. She was known for her intelligence and political wisdom. She was one of the center for art and learning. She ruled Mantua. |
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| Was that Italy was balanced. No one territory was stronger than another and so none of them fought eachother. No one party or territory could fight another. |
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| Was a treaty that set peace between Milan, Naples and Florence. It set boundaries and helped the balance of power mentality. |
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| Was one of the Political Philosphers from Florence Italy. he wrote the Prince and took morals out of politcs. |
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| IS the idea that Man is great and is in control of his fute, can be good, and is the center of the world |
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| was created by Petrarch and basically was in Florence. Again going back to the ancients and the teachings cicero and Aristotle but really Cicero was the center of attention. |
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Definition
| Well the Liberal arts was basically learning everything. But during the Renaissance it meant learning the ancients and learning languages and being a doctus. |
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| Basically the creator of Humanism and Civiv Humanism. He was highly educated and big into the arts. |
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Definition
| The teachings of Plato. Of course they would be in the Renaissance being ancient. Human beings are the best is the belief. |
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| Not based of Hermes but it is in the name anyway. But more ancient stuff Humans are great. |
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| Well Mr. Mirandola wrote the Oration on the dignity of man. Not a big deal only the manifesto of the Renaissance. Humans can become great. Big renaissance philosopher. |
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Definition
| Wrote the history of the Florentine people. Probably one of the greatest historians of the renaissance. History became about the greatness of the people. |
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Definition
| From Germany and brought the printing press to Europe. Which in the end was and is a big deal. Changed the way Europe worked tbh. |
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| Well he is a painter and basically in essence a Renaissance type of guy. He did it all. From Florence but did most of his stuff in Rome. He did the Mona Lisa and the last supper. He was a bright dude. High Renaissance |
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Definition
| He was early renaissance sculptor. Came up with bas-relief and did things like David and the Equestrian. |
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Definition
| Was a painter during the High Renaissance. Did things like Frescoes and was all really good like. Madonnas was his thing. |
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Definition
| Il Divino he was a big deal and did a lot of cool things. He was a painter and a sculptor. He did works like DAVID and the Sistine Chapel. NBD |
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Definition
| Created the Dome at the Santa Maria del fiore. He did linear perspective stuff. |
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Definition
| Was from 1480-1520, consisted of Michelangelo, Rafael,and Da Vinci, and it had a big focus in Rome. |
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Definition
| Had less of an emphasis on nature and more on old Doctors of the Catholic Church. It took realism but used oil and did different things. Not as secular. Still Individualism, Empirical, all about Flanders and the Netherlands. |
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Definition
| Well he was the first one to use oil colors. He was from Flanders and did all these really realistic paintings. He did Annuciation and Virgin with Child. |
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Definition
| German painter and he combined Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance to make his stuff. Does my Favorite painting which is his self portrait and Adam and Eve. |
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Definition
| He was a French Composer. He changed the composition of the mass and made it more secular. He had two major works in the mass Faxbourdon and antiphons. |
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Definition
| After the crappy age of monarchs in the middle age really three countries monarchies had strong central governments. France, Spain and England. |
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Definition
| Was a conflict between the French and English monarchs. Both really wanted more money and power during the middle ages and so they went to war for a long time. Both ended having too many domestic issues to do anything. |
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Definition
| Well basically the French Parliment who let Charles VII get an army and then introduce the tax called taille which made it so he had income always. So he did not need them anymore. |
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Definition
| Well really he is the king the gets credited with creating the strength of the French Monarch. He makes it so they keep the taille and he expands land better than anyone else. |
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Definition
| Was a domestic problem in England between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. They fight for 30 years or so and the House of Lancaster wins. |
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Definition
| The Tudors and symbol was the red rose. They win and become the leaders of England. |
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Definition
| The losers they were the white rose. They just get destroyed after a while and all die out. |
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Definition
| Was the first Tudor King. He abolished "the livery and maintenance" policy and got rid of other lords having armies. He also had his own court called the star chamber and they made it so he could get money. He also did not let Parlament meet. |
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Definition
| He was the king of Aragon and he still ruled Aragon. Very Catholic. |
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Definition
| Was the queen of Castille and led them very well. Was one of the first real prominent female rulers. |
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Definition
| In Spain the muslims came and started these little seperate nations. There were also seperate Christian nations as well. Thus there was this movement to reunite Spain under one kingdom. |
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Definition
| Is the Church's court and they deal with heresy. They were very cruel about heresy and anyone who was not Catholic. This led to Jews and Muslims fleeing the land. This was the way unite Spain too. |
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Definition
| Was the ruling dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire and they were not very good at military or anything like that. What they were good at though was marrying. They married to keep themselves in power and out of trouble. |
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Definition
| Was apart of the Habsburg land added to the Holy Roman empire. Basically the land was the reason the family was soooo rich. Played a big part in Europe. |
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Definition
| Also known as the Turks. They are from Turkey and controlled Asia Minor. Muslim group and are very good at fighting. They destroyed the Byzantine Empire and make it all the way to Vienna. |
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Term
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Definition
| Well really they were just the continuation of the Roman empire in ancient days. They were from Greece. They controlled Constantinople so were always strong but |
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Definition
| Was commissioned by Pope Julius II and built by Michelangelo. Most important chapel in Christianity and has the best art. |
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Definition
| Is a statue built by Michelangelo. It is in essence the Renaissance. He portrays David as huge and thinking and just like AWESOME. Humans are great. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pictures of Mary and Jesus in a super realistic way. Painted by Rafael and were put all over the place. Uses Linear perspective |
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Definition
| Painted by Da Vinci and shows Jesus and all the emotions of the apostles in it. Uses linear perspective and is very famous. High Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Well the papacy during the Renaissance supported art. They liked art and it help their culture. They also had to fight the councilar movement. They then had to also fight heresy and that was the major problem. |
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Definition
| The first pope to have to fight the Counciliar movement. 1417. He no fan. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a major fan of nepotism and so put 5 of his nephews as cardinals. He wanted to be rich. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a member of the Borgia family and had a son. Encouraged his son to have his own empire in the papal state and just was bad. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the major fan of the Renaissance. Funded tons of things and was very rich. He built the Saint Peter's Basilica and paid for great art. Also known as the Warrior Pope. |
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Term
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Definition
| was also very big into the renaissance because of course he was Medici. He commissioned Rafael and made Rome the literary and artistic center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a reformer of the church from England. He thought all medieval practices by the church was wrong and thought the Bible was the be all end all. Followers were called Lollards. |
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Definition
| Big fan of John Wtcliffe and Jan Huss used his ideas o make his movement. He thought the church was bad but this all fell on deaf ears and he was killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a council that dealt with heresy and they killed Jan Huss and caused a great war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Commissioned by Pope Julius II and basically is the center and capital of the Catholic church. |
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Term
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Definition
| Northern Humanism really. Was based in flanders and was more into the older teachings of the Catholic Church. It led to a reformation and used oil colors and emperical perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a Christian Humanist who was a priest. Wanted reform and translated the New Testament into Greek and Latin. He wrote in praise of Folly and disagreed with Luther |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a book by Erasmus or essay and anyway it is all about the corruption of Church and the follys from that. Piece of Christian Humanistic writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was putting family members in high position and appinting them to be cardinals without merit. Popes would do this all the time and well it was not cool. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was the selling of Church positions or positions n general to raise revenue for the Church. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a German priest who then became a professor and opposed the Church and after indulgences he wrote the 95 thesis and helped spark the protestant reformation. He established his own church Lutheran. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the idea that by faith alone are humans saved. Good works do not matter |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that Bible contains everything needed for salvation and holiness. The Bible is the be all end all, like with originalists in the constitution, if it is not in the Constitution then it is not true. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the Church selling ways to get out of purgatory. People buy them for others and it was a big scam according to reformist. Luther hated them. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a big painter in the Northern Renaissance. He combined the ideas of the Italian Renaissance with his renaissance and did amazing paintings |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the big seller of Indulgences in Germany that sparked huge controversy. He also did some Simony and it was just bad for him |
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Term
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Definition
| written in 1517 by Luther, it just stated his issues with the Church. He hated the selling of Indulgences and really began the reformation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a meeting of the leaders of Germany and basically Charles V wanted to stop the Christian problem. They started wars basically. |
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Term
| The Babylonian Captivity of the church |
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Definition
| Written by Martin Luther, stating which sacrements he liked and did not like. He talked about transubstantiation and distanced himself from the Church. |
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Term
| Against robbing and murdering hordes of peasants |
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Definition
| Was written by Martin Luther talking about the Peasant war in Germany. He distanced himself from the people and liked the princes more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Luther and Charles V faced off and basically Luther said he was going to believe what he believed and Charles was having none of it so he outlawed him and burned his works and wanted him arrested. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a Catholic belief that the substance of bread and win changes into the body and blood of Christ which according to Luther is a lie. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was another Christian humanist reformer from Zurich and believed very similar ideas as Luther. He died in the Civil war but brought reform to Zurich and that part of the Holy Roman Empire |
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Term
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Definition
| was when Zwingli and Luther were to come together but instead fought about the Eucharist and so the Protestant movement split. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were the Italian wars when France and Spain fought in Italy. They were called the Renaissance wars. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were another reform movement. They were seen as a threat from both Catholics and Lutherans and were killed. They had a basis of adult baptism and separation of church and state. They took over a city and were just radical. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the leader of an anabaptist group in the Netherlands that were peaceful. They were called mennonites and are still are real today. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was another German theologian who was a leader of the anabaptist movement and got killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the name the Pope had until Henry VIII began to call himself that and it is the leader of the church. |
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Definition
| Another Christian Humanist who was a statesman in England and wrote "utopia". He did not agree with Henry VII and he got killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the wife of Henry VII until he wanted a divorce because she was not having a boy. She got killed |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Henry's leader of the English reformation. He the archbishop of Canterbuy and made it so Henry could get his divorce and helped write the laws to make the reformation happen. |
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Term
| Act of Supremacy/ six articles act |
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Definition
| These acts just made it so Henry was the head of the Church and everything stayed the same but different name. Anglican. |
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Term
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Definition
| Took the throne at age 9 and passed the council of regency so somebody else took control. He was sick and England became more Protestant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Catholic and wanted to make sure England was, she became known as bloody mary and basically made it so there was no to go back to being Catholic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a French Theologian who start Calvinism in Geneva. He started the next reform group. He wrote the institutes of a Christian Relgion and believed in Predestination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the central belief in John Calvin's theology. The belief that God before one is before has already been chosen for either heaven or hell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where John Calvin preached and taught from. It is the center of Calvinism |
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Term
| The Ecclesiatical Ordinances |
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Definition
| Were the rules for Calvin's Church in Geneva, they are the foundations for the Church |
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Term
| The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
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Definition
| Is John Calvin's best work. It is an introduction to the Protestant faith and and cover everything. It is Calvinism but goes through it in a way to make it more accessible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the treaty between Charles V and the Protestant movement. It recognized Lutheranism and German princes could choose whether to be Catholic or Lutheran. It also ended Charles V dream of making Germany catholic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were the group of Princes and protestants who did not want to be Catholic and so they formed this group and fought against Charles V and won. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Church trying to fix its internal problems. Seminaries were formed and Priests started to be train better. Focusing on a personal relationship with Christ. They wanted the Church to go back to its roots in a way but not being protestant. |
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Term
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Definition
| He created these awesome spiritual exercises which are awesome btw. But he created the Jesuit order and fought against Protestants. He wanted be to be more casual and not as strict. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lasted a very long time if I remember correctly like 18 years. The church redefined its teaching and abolished the Church abusings. They made sure people knew that good works were important and that the sacraments are awesome. They basically said whatever Luther and other people think is straight up heresy. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was in charge of the Church during its reformation. He wanted improve the Church and did the Council of Trent and got the Church going again. |
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Term
| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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Definition
He was bro from Portugal, he funded all trips around the world. he became the leader in exploration under King Henry.
Cape Verde |
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Term
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Definition
| He was from Spain and discovered India and the Cape of Good Hope. |
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Term
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Definition
| He almost went around the cape of good hope. He was from Portugal and then his crew had a mutiny. |
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Definition
| The Spanish system of administration based on two officials. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was an Italian explorer hired by the Spanish who thought he could sail to India by going west. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a spanish explorer who was the first one ever to circumnavigate. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was the system in which Spain governed all of its new lands. It had all the power that normal government would and controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the new lands that Spain gained included Mexico, Carrabean, and central America. |
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Term
| A New Era of Commercial Capitalism |
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Definition
| Mercantalism, in which the Empire's in Europe exploited the colonies and got money and stuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were wars inside the French empire it was between the Hugenots and the Catholics. They persecuted eachother and the Catholics won. 1562-1598 |
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Term
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Definition
| Valois Monarchy and he was Catholic and got killed. Hi wife and two sons took over and war started. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the other dynasty in France that became the leader of the Hugenots in the Civil wars. |
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Term
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Definition
| The french Calvinist led by Henry of Navaire in the Civil war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the ultra Catholic leader Henry Duke of Guise kills many Hugenots and really sparked tons of tension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were the far radical group of the Catholic Faith in France and were led by the Guise family. Holy League |
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Term
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Definition
| that religion was not a reason to get into war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Bourbon Hugenot leader who fought in the French Civil war and ended up becoming King of France but keeping Catholic Faith the main faith in France. |
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Term
| Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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Definition
| When The Guise gang killed Hugenots at Vassy, during mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| was the war that included three Henrys---Henry of Navaire the Borubon ruler, Henry III, and Henry Duke of Guise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catholicism became the official religion of France however Hugenots can worship in certain places |
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Term
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Definition
| "most Catholic of KIngs" he started wars in countries to help spread and maintain Catholicism. Spain was the most Catholic nation. He fought in France for the Catholics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spain wanted to invade England and take it over using their ships however England defeated them and stopped the invasion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when the Holy League stopped the Ottoman Empire from advancing into the Mediterranean sea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the new reinstated king who showed up and reinstated Parlament with Mary. William and Mary. Passed Act of Toleration and Bill of rights.` |
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Term
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Definition
| Was another name for the Dutch Republic, which consisted of seven provinces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the queen of England part of the Tutor line. She was a very moderate leader. She did religious toleration but did not have an heir. |
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Term
| The Act of Supremacy of 1559 |
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Definition
| Was during Elizabeth I reign. She reinstated the Anglican Church. She changed the title to governor and she was pretty secular so this did not matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a small religious minority in Englad. They wanted to purify from the Catholic Church. They go to America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when European economics would grow rapidly and become huge but then would fall miserably and contract. Bubbles bursting. |
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Term
| Joint-Stock trading company |
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Definition
| When a group of people invest in a company and have huge amounts of money in them. This is what was used to colonize North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Started out as a religious war between Catholics and Protestants that slowly became a secular war between many different nations. It consisted of 4 phases Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, and Franco-Spanish phase. 1618-1648 |
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Term
| The Failure of the Peace of Augsburg |
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Definition
| The peace of Augsburg in 1555 allowed for the thirty years war to happened. It allowed the princes to choose the religion and not the people and led to religious divide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Started with the Defenstration of Prague where Catholics threw Protestants out a window. Started the thirty years war. It was fought in Bohemia and was protestants V Catholics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when King Christian IV invaded Germany but was stopped by Wallenstein. He does not get very far. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was passed by King Ferdinand II trying to impose religious and territorial status outlined in the Peace of Augsburg. Trying to stop the war FAILS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gustavus Adolphus invaded Germany same way Christian IV did and made progress but Wallenstein came back and destroyed Gustavus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the last part of the war and there no religious aspect to this part. It was the fact that Spain the Bourbons felt surrounded by the Habsburgs and wanted to break out and defend itself. |
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Term
| The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 |
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Definition
| In ended the 30's year and established Peace. It wanted to create a friendly Neighborhood between France and Germany. Religious tolerance and amnesty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a series of three conflicts between the King and Parlament. It had three problems, multiple kingdoms, Religious division, and Finical problems. Parlament won. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the ruler that came into power after the tudor dynasty. He became the Stuart dynasty and thought King was the most important thing. He thought he was a God |
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Term
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Definition
| 1629-1640 He came after James I and continued this thing of King. He never let Parliament meet between 1629-1640 and had to call Parlament. Then things got awkward and then there was war. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a continuation this King is god. He was the last Catholic monarch in England. This made things boil over and this was the end of the Stuart monarchy. till Charles II |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Head of the Parlament movement that took over. Slowly but surely he came an absolute ruler and then got thrown out of power. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was the army that Parlament raised to fight the King. It was designed to be form anywhere not just from a specific area. It was somewhat like Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| The remaining parliament after Charles I disbanded parliament. They were going to try it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the persecution of witches.It was proving the witchcraft is real. |
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Term
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Definition
| Style of art later years of the high renaissance, and existed until baroque period started, It is very intellectual and sophisticated. |
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Term
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Definition
| He is a painter and sculpter in the Spanish Renaissance. He was originally from Greece and did very Greek things. He drew the picture of Slender people and did a painting called Jesus disrobing. He was part of the Baroque style. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a style of art that used motion and extreme detail to show tension and emotion. The Catholic Church sponsored it. Greco is very Baroque. |
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Term
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Definition
| He is a Flemish Baroque Painter, and emphasized motion, colour, and seunsuality. He did painting and did Church stuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was from Italy and stayed in Rome and did Sculptors and arcchecture. He did David and was influenced by the Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most influential writer and thinker of the French Renaissance. He combined complex ideas to casual metaphors. He was Renaissance Humanist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the English playwriter. I mean he did it all. He is a genius and did some awesome plays. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the second most prominent Spanish playwright who was a part of the Baroque period. He did Dog in a Manger. He did tons of plays. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the most prominent Baroque Spanish Writer. He wrote magnum opus, Don Quixote the first modern book in western Europe. He was nicknamed the prince of wits. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a type of government where one person has all the power. They have absolute power over the State and Church. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a philosopher during the french wars of religion. He wrote about absolutism. The need for a strong central government. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the ruler of France who leaned on Cardinal Richelieu for the early part of his reign. He somewhat wanted to govern by council but that did not pan out. He died young. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the sun king. He established absolutism in France. He dominated everything. He controlled the nobles by selling nobility and having the other nobles live in versailles with him. He established the catholic church as the official religion.He dominated things. |
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Term
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Definition
| He advised Louis XIII and help establish absolutism in France. he used Intendants to help centralize the kings power. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were tax collectors that were sent out to local communities. Helped establish absolutism. |
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Term
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Definition
| He suceded Richelieu and basically did what he did and ruled and advised Louis XIV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were Civil Wars in France between the nobility and king XIII and nobody wanted this so absolutism becomes more likely. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was an advisor to Louis XIV financially and really helped him use his money wise. |
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Term
| "One King. One Law, One Faith" |
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Definition
| Was basically Louis XIV message. That is what he was all about. He wanted to be King, he wanted there to be one law in France and he wanted everyone to be Catholic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Edict repelled the edict of nantes and stated that the Catholic Church was the official religion. Louis XIV |
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Term
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Definition
| Is where the King lived and housed the nobility. It was Louis XIV showed off his power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Louis wanted more land so he invaded the dutch. |
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Term
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Definition
| When he invaded the Spanish Netherland and Franche Comte.Louis XIV wanted land and to expand. He made peace and gained land |
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Term
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Definition
| Were lands annexed by Louis and led to a new coalition. |
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Term
| War of the League of Augsburg |
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Definition
| Was Louis XIV's third war against against the league of Augsburg. Led to a lot of fighting and an economic depression and famine in France. The treaty of Ryswick ended the war and he got nothing. |
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Term
| War of Spanish Succession |
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Definition
| The forth war when Charles II died and left the throne to Louis XIV. Thus Phillip V became king and France and Spain became united. Leads to the Peace of Utrecht and Rastatt. |
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Term
| Peaces of Utrecht and Rastatt |
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Definition
| They ended the sun King's final war. He lost the war in a way and England was the real winner of the treaty. They got Northern North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| He spent all his money on the court. He was around when Spanish problems were becoming apparent. Crucial problems were never solved. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was suppose to be the comeback king for France. He was trying to centralize his power and by the end of his reign Span's army was completely destroyed and his nation bankrupt. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a sickly Childless leader and was the last Habsburg ruler and left it to Louis IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the treaty that ended the thirty years war in 1648. The Emperor lost and the Princes won. |
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Term
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Definition
| They had the land of Brandenburg and then became Prussia. They created the prussian state and connected Germany. |
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Term
| Frederick William the Great Elector |
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Definition
| He laid the foundation for the Prussian state. He built up a great standing army and created a great centralized state. He used mercantilist policies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was something Frederick William made so he could levy taxes and to oversee the growth and training of the army. Also involved in Civil Gov. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were the members of the Commissariat that were members of the Aristocracy and were officers in the army. |
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Term
| Elector Frederick III/Fredick I of Prussia |
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Definition
| Was the son of Frederick the great and he continued to advance Prussia's power. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were the prominent family in Holy Roman Empire politics. However that ended and they could no longer have a great centralized empire. They created the austrian Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was part of the Austrian Kingdom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Treaty when Austria gained control of southeastern Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It was the predecessor to Tsar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the first tsar ever and expanded territories eastward and expanding. He crushed Russian nobility. The Tsar lasted a while. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the national assembly that chose the new Tsar |
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Term
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Definition
| were the assemblies created by the Tsar. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Russian nobility. Crushed by Ivan IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the New Tsar after IVan and basically starting a dynasty that lasted until Russian Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the official Church of Russia and caused great tension in Russia. The church had a schism and caused tension between nobles and peasants. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a huge guy, who came back to Russia and made it awesome.He went about modernizing it and making it a major power. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a war from 1701-1721 with tons of fighting between Russia and Sweden. Ended with the peace of Nystadt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Russia gained Estonia and some more land basically and made itself a legit power and sweden became weak. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Capital of Russia until the Russian revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a river between Russia and Ukraine |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the Scottish ruler that invaded England and helped spawn the glorious revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the United nations of the Netherlands, controlled by the rich merchants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were companies that traded usually in new lands. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a king and then got kicked out and then restored because people wanted him back. There was a fight between the two again and he brought back the anglican church and some problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was series of laws that specified that only Anglicans can hold military and civil offices. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a devout Catholic and was king and caused seriously conflict between him and parliament leading to the glorious revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the monarchy put in after the glorious revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the final Civil war in England that proved that parliament was more powerful that Monarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| Forced the King to need parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
| The King is only allowed because of the constitution written by parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the economic practice in which the bigger nations takes over a weaker land and takes everything from it. It is all about the bullion and screwing that island over. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a rejection of Baroque and they did some focusing on clarity simplicity balance harmony and design. Slendid |
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Term
| French Academy of Paining and Sculpture |
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Definition
| Clarity simplicity harmony and design |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a classical French dude who did the French paintings. He did sculptures of old and used different tones. |
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Term
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Definition
| The best painter of the Dutch golden age. He did portaits and still lifes and realistic portraits and did large landscapes. |
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Term
| Jean-Baptiste Racine, Phedra |
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Definition
| Was French play that was the most famous. That followed a Greek story and he perfect neoclassical tragic style. |
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Term
| Jean-Baptiste Moliere, Tartuffe |
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Definition
| He did satires and in this one he makes fun of religious hypocrisy. The King liked him. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a Dutch philosopher who came up with international law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hobbes was a English guy who argued that society needed government to fuction and his book is his political thought on it. |
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Term
| ohn Locke, Two Treatises of Government |
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Definition
| He wrote about the idea that the people were good and not bad and so the way government should work, is the people have their rights protected by the government and so they help the government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Greek Philosopher that basically created western thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was another Greek guy who came up with medicine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the Greek who came up with the geocentric theory of the world. |
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Term
| Medieval conception of the universe |
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Definition
| Is that the earth is the center. Geocentric |
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Term
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Definition
| Was basically magic that all the alchemist believed in. All these scientist believed in magic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polish scientists in the 1500's Catholic and he came up with the heliocentric world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a danish astronomer that did all the research that Kepler used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Brahe's understudy and came up with the law of planetary motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was an Italian who invented the telescope and came up with the idea of inertia and helped explain planetary motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| was an Englishman who came up with Gravity and force and wrote the principia. He came up with the most important idea ever. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was an englishman that came up with the scientific method. |
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Term
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Definition
| A french philosopher and mathematician who came up with modern philosophy and western philosophy. Cartesian coordinate system. |
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Term
| On the revolution of Heavenly Spheres |
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Definition
| Was Nicholas Copernicus book where he states his heliocentric theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the school of mystical theory based off the teachings of plato. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the book Galileo wrote about the movement of the moon and stars and jupiter. They were observations made with his telescope. |
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Term
| Cardinal Robert Bellarmine |
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Definition
| Was one of the leaders of the counter revolution but really did the inquisition on Galileo |
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Term
| Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican |
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Definition
| Was written by Galileo where he compared the two systems. |
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Term
| Principia (The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) |
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Definition
| Was written by Newton where he explained the law of universal gravitation and the laws of motion. |
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Term
| Universal law of gravitation |
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Definition
| Is what Newton came up with to explain all motion in the universe. That it was gravity controlling all motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm are four bodily fluids of a human. |
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Term
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Definition
| He is the father of modern medicine. He used "like cures like" using poisons to cure diseases, and really rejected old teaches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using posoins to cure diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrote about the anatomy of the human body and did general structure of the human body. |
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Term
| On the Fabric of the Human Body |
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Definition
| Was the book Vesalius wrote showing his discoveries on the anatomy of the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Talked about the way blood works in the human body showing that blood starts in the hearts and goes through veins and arteries. |
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Term
| On the motion of the Heart and Blood |
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Definition
| Book Harvey wrote describing the way blood in human body works. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a scientist who drew insects and plants and did some awesome drawings of a butterfly. Metamorphosis of the insects of Surinam. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a female astronomer who discovered a commet but was denied entry to any scientific societies because she was a woman. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a book in the 17th century that diplayed the issues women dealt with. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Des Cartes book that started modern philosophy. "I think therefore I am" |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Des Cartes decided that the mind and the body were two different things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Written by Francis Bacon and he seperated divine learning and human learning. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Method of acquiring knowledge using Bacon's approach going from specific to general. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Method of gaining knowledge using Des Cartes method of going from general to specific. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He challenged the logic and reason of the Christian faith. He was a Bible critic |
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Term
|
Definition
| He set forth the idea of universal education. Education for everyone which was radical at the time. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a French mathmatician who came up with the concepts of concepts of Vacuums and pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was probably a book on thoughts....I |
|
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Term
| The English Royal Society |
|
Definition
| Was the group of scientist in England that promoted natural reason. |
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Term
| Philosophical Transactions |
|
Definition
| Was the worlds first scientific journal done by the English Royal society. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was a German Philosopher who first coined Enlightenment "man's leaving his self caused immaturity". |
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Term
|
Definition
| Written by Bernard de Fontenelle was a book about a lady asking questions about astrology and cosmology. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was a protestant who was a huge critic of church attitudes and attacked intolerance and superstition and dogmatism. |
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Term
| On the Ceremonies of the Chinese |
|
Definition
| Was a book about the ceremonies of the Chinese. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a blank mind that according to Locke everyone is born with. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was what people called the smart people of the enlightened period. They were not all french and not all were philosophers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was a French Philosophe who promoted religious tolerance. He used Natural Law in politics and human relationships. Seperation of Power |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was Montesquieu most famous book where he took natural law and applied to social relationships and politics. Seperation of Power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a meeting of learning and fun in learning. Smart people went to them they were gathering. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Greatest Figure of the Enlightenment and he talked about religious toleration and how England got it right and France does not. Deism a mechanical God. |
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Term
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Definition
| Voltaire's book where he discussed religious tolerance in England and Holland. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Idea that there is a God but he just created the universal and is not moral. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Basically he ripped Christianity to pieces but really just attacking France promoting religious toleration. He condemned old thinking and wanted people to start thinking in a new way. He introduced the idea of the Encyclopedia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way the Enlightenment people got their message out. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a scottish philosopher who pioneered social science. The study nature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He is a Scottish man who came up with the idea of liberal economics and laissez-faire The wealth of Nations. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was an economic theory that a group of economist came up with that believed in the wealth of nations and basically the modern economy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Let people do as they will. Basically is an economic theory where the government stays out of the economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| An Italian jurist who did not believe in torture and the death penalty. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He wrote the system of nature and was a big atheist who wanted religious toleration. Doubted Christianity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Progress of human nature and basically he described how human nature has progressed over time. PROGRESS |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was another french dude who basically wanted a democracy and wanted everyone to go along with "general will" of the people. A little socialist in a way. He also wanted religious tolerance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| It is Rosseau epic novel where he describes how he thinks a government and people should work. |
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Term
|
Definition
| was just a gathering place for discourse of knowledge. |
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Term
| Marie-Therese de Geoffrin |
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Definition
| Was a wealthy widow who had a salon and welcome philosophers to come and hang out. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a rivival of classic art basically contemporary artists using classical styles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The new style of art in the enlightenment period more concerned with curves and gentle action that movement like baroque. Secular. |
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Term
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Definition
| writer and he expressed very Rococo views or showed its appeals in his writings |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a architect and did churches but made them secular and spiritual and did a delectic of both barque and rococo |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a German composer he did mass in B minor and did Sant Matthew's passion and liked God. |
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Term
|
Definition
| German composer who did the messiah and other great musical works. He did more secular stuff. |
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Term
|
Definition
| was a child prodigy of Vienna and he played music and did Don giovanni and all these other great works of music. |
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Term
| The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |
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Definition
| Was written by Edward Gibbon basically saying the growth of christianity was the problem and the reason for the fall. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was started by Addison and Steele and it was the first legit magizine in England. |
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Term
| The Royal College of Surgeons |
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Definition
| Was the group of people that gave surgeons their licence to do surgery and stuff. It was England's like NHS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was mardi gras basically partying until lent started. People would go absolutely insane and be jerks and do whatever they wanted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were tiny cheap books that were the way the lower class would learn about pop culture. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when the Portuguese monarchy kicked the jesuits out of its country and ruled the catholic church there. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was the one that decided that the Church no longer need the Jesuits. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were the larger Jewish group and they lived in eastern Germany. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The other group of Jews kicked out of spain and lived in different cities and became very rich. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious devotion deeper devotion to God on a personal level. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was a guy in England who had a very mystical experience who thought he was making a better church. He spoke to the poorest of poor and caused a Christian revival. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tax on a certain things that have a stamp. So like papers. Taxation without representation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| were a series of taxes passed to raise revenue in the colonies of the United States. |
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Term
|
Definition
| was when England wanted to save the british east india company and decided it was going to make it easier for the colonist to buy tea. It lowered the price of tea. |
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Term
|
Definition
| were a series of acts passed in 1774 the seriously upset the colonists and led to the revo. war. It really made them angry. Violation of rights. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the opposite of the traditonal way of fighting. Jumping out of trees and ambushing enemies. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were people loyal to England and the monarchy that were not with the cause. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were the founding fathers, they were the ones fighting against the monarchy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the treaty that ended the Revolutionary war. Told England to get out. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a French commander who aided George Washington and then returned to France just in time for the revolution. He brought his ideas of liberty and freedom back to France. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The French nobles had this idea of privilege that since they were born noble they are better than others. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a meeting of like a general assembly that represented all three of the estates or social classes. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Everyone but the nobles and clergy |
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Term
|
Definition
| were part of the third estate and they would be defined as the middle class they were lawyer or doctors or rich merchants. They had money. |
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Term
| liberal political thought |
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Definition
| Also known as Liberalism, is a philosophy that came about during the enlightenment that rejected the ideas of medievalism. It rejected hereditary state, monarch, basically the whole French system. It wants free and fair elections and freedom of religion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| France had a lot of debt to other countries since they did not have a good or fair tax system in place. Later Louis XVI had no way to this debt and so he needed money. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Means notebook and basically Louis XVI wanted everyone in France to become politically active and aware so he handed out these books to get them aware. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when the third estate decided to leave the Estates-General and move create its own government and write up a constitution to become the government of France. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when Louis XVI locked the doors to the place where the National Assembly was going to meet so they decided to go to a tennis court and take the oath that they would continue to meet until a constitution was written. |
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Term
|
Definition
| After Louis XVI sent in troops to Paris, the people became scared and stormed the bastille which is an armory. They stormed it and made the French army retreat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was Rural unrest in France that led to peasants who were really hungry rebelling against the manor houses. |
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Term
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
|
Definition
| Adopted by the National Assembly was a foundation for what they believed. It was all about Enlightenment ideas. |
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Term
| Civil Constitution of the Clergy of 1790 |
|
Definition
| This required all clergy members to swear an oath to the revolution and thus taking away Church lands and starting destroying Churches. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the government in France during part of the Revolution. It was basically two groups the bourgeoisie and the radicals that said revolution measures were not enough. They were divided on the issue of whether they want liberty or equality. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were citizens that were involved in the debates and rallied and had riots. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sat and stayed in there houses instead of rebelling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Were a club where people met to discuss ideas of the revolution. This is where Robespierre and others began to spread there ideas. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When Louis XVI tries to leave and go to Austria but is captured and brought back. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when Frederick the Great and Leopald II strengthened the French Monarch or atleast tried to back it up. |
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Term
|
Definition
| was the France government that was made up of the radicals of the revolution. They wanted equality. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the government in Paris that was basically like a city council. |
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Term
|
Definition
| was the urban poor in France. |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the Jacobin club but was the less radical of the group. Did not want a monarchy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the group of the jacobin club that was extremely radical like Robespierre. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the term used to mean the mass conscription of French men into the army during the French revolution. |
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|
Term
| Committee of public safety |
|
Definition
| The court system used to execute many French citizens who were not with the Revolution. Led to Terror |
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Term
|
Definition
| The part of the revolution where the committee of public safety executed many french citizens. It was led by radicals like Robespierre who promoted equality. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The period of the revolution where Robespierre tried to create his perfect society based on enlightenment ideals. He gutted the Catholic Church and wanted a society with equality and fairness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was apart of the mountain. He was a lawyer and led the reign of terror and wanted a republic of virtue. He wanted equality for France. He gets killed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the new name of Notre Dame given during the period of dechristinization. |
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Term
|
Definition
| There were two main virtues liberty and equality and they divided the two parts of the revolution. |
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Term
| Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen |
|
Definition
| Was a book written by Olympe de Gouges that women deserve rights in Divorce and recognition illegitimate children. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was post Robespierre death and the reaction the French people had to all this radicalness. They brought back the Church and went back to normal. |
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|
Term
| National Legislative Assembly |
|
Definition
| Was the government hat had a constitutional monarchy but then lost it. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| was the house that was elected with 500 representives. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the council with 250 senators. Elected Bourgeosie |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the government before the consulate. It was a pretend democracy that really had all the power invested in 5 directors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The government of France after the fall of the directory in which Napoleon was the leader of it and made the decisions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when Napoleon was named Consul for life. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a military leader from Corsica who became a consul andd then emperor of France and the people loved him. He did a lot of fighting and failed. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Was what rid France of nobility and old laws. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was when Austria and Prussia fought against France to keep the monarchy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a bigger war in which Russia and Austria fought against France. This became bigger but had no real change. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when Napoleon destroyed the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the empire that Napoleon created. He became very powerful commanding a very powerful army. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Country That was controlled by France. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Country that had sovereignty but liked France. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was when France and Spain got destroyed by the British Navy. That was bad for Napoleon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Napoleon wanted to stop British trade by setting up a barricade. This did not work very well. |
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Definition
| Was the New King of France after Napoleon. |
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Definition
| Was the battle in which Napoleon was completely destroyed. |
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Definition
| Freedom to do what you want. To make a lot of money and for their to independence from the government. |
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Definition
| Fairness. Equal opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| WAs between Austria Prusia Russia and Gb. It was all the conservative nations other than France. GB backed out |
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Definition
| Peace between paris and everyone else |
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Definition
| WAs really a big conservative in England. But he was British foreign minister. He was at the council of Vienna` |
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Definition
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Definition
| Was from Austria and was a huge conservative. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Was a decree that in Europe no country could be stronger than another. |
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Term
| Napoleon's one hundred days |
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Definition
| Napoleon came back and kicked ass for 100 days and then got captured again. |
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Term
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Definition
| The political ideology that old ideas such as kings and control was better than liberalism |
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Term
| Reflection on the Revolution in France |
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Definition
| Written by Edmund Burke basically saying the ancien regime was the best. An attack on the French revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a meeting of conservative nations to come up with a way to keep stability in Europe. |
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Term
| principle of intervention |
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Definition
| The idea that if one nation had a rebellion or attacked another nation other nations would stop that nation. |
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Definition
| He was a rebel in South America who won and became a rule. He beat the Spanish. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basically stated Europe stay out of the new world. America has got this. |
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Term
| The Greek Revolt, 1821-1832 |
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Definition
| Was when the Greeks revolted against those Ottoman Turks and got their independence. Nationalism BITCH |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Protected domestic farmers in England. Let them make more money. |
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Definition
| Became King of France. He established order till the July revolution. |
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Definition
| Was a group of German States. Buffer between Austria and Prussia. Basically a way to keep order without the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were liberal student associations. |
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Term
| The Austrian Empire as a multinational state |
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Definition
| Was a very big state but had so many different ethnicities. Nobody really identified as Austrian. It spured a lot of nationalism. It took a a lot of central power control. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was in Russia and did some liberal reforms but also Did some serious military campaigns |
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Term
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Definition
| He did some Crimean war stuff and did some other things. He was big into Russian Nationalism. He defeated a rebellion even. |
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Term
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Definition
| Revolt in December in Russia. Russian did not like Nicholas I becoming emperor but that was put down. |
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Term
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Definition
| The best way to put it is freedom in the economy. They did have freedom in rights but to make money for sure. Mainly middle class were liberals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freedom to make money. No government intervention. Freedom in the economy from government intervention. |
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Term
| essay on the Principles of Population |
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Definition
| Was on the first essays on how population and the economy work together. Malthus |
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Term
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Definition
| The higher the pay the bigger the population. Lower the pay the smaller the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Really just a constitutional monarchy. |
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Term
| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
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Definition
| He was a German philosopher and was a precursor to MARX |
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Term
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Definition
| The redistribution of wealth. It is social. But ideas of more government control of the economy |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a French thinker who really liked socialism. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was super big into utopian societies. Super Happy FUN times. He liked socialism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was by a French guy named Blanc and was an early socialist book. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a big french Feminist who loved socialism. She wrote books. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Was a party that wanted change in France. They wanted to change France and make it bigger. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was country created to be a buffer zone between France and basically the rest of Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Industrialized Britain. MAde it so they could build factories and exploit workers. By they i mean the middle class |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a reform bill expanding welfare in England. |
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Term
| The Second French Republic |
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Definition
| Was when Louis Napoleon took over. Revo in 1848. They get big again. |
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Term
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Definition
| was the beginning of the ITalian unification and nationalism. They had a lot of pride. Italian State though. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was just better police presence |
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Term
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Definition
| Was just a design of how to make a city look modern. Modernizing cities. Philadelphia look this way. |
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Term
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Definition
| Love of nature. Man's wonder in Nature. Also John Jane's favorite art period. Literature and painting. |
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Term
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Definition
| This dude was a German writer and wrote some awesome things such as FAUST. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was just doing Gothic Architecture but changing it a bit. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was writer in the romanticism period. He did a lot of hero stuff. He was from England. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of my favorite poets ever. He was awesome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a French Painter who does some awesome just great Romanticism stuff. He does liberty leading the people. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Was written by a French guy who was defending the Catholic Church during the French revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Napoleon III basically and his empire. It was a liberal empire. They conquered things and then lost. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was what to do about the Ottoman Empire and who gets all that land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a war between Russia and France and the Ottomans and GB because they wanted to make it so Russia could not get the land |
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Term
| The Crimean War and the Concert of Europe |
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Definition
| It ended the Concert of Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the guy from Sardinia who was like I want to unify Italy. So he did and he became King of Italy. |
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Term
| King Frederick William IV |
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Definition
| Was a romantic King of Prussia. He built buildings and did fun things. He kept the peace |
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Term
| Albrecht von Roon and Helmuth von Moltke |
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Definition
| They were huge contributors to the decade of 1860 with Bismark. They were realpolitik and help Prussia create the second German Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wilhelm was crowned in Versailles and decreed a unified Germany. Just like the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Term
| Alexander's Emancipation Edict |
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Definition
| Was the first liberal reform in Russia and it abolished serfdom. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a big deal in British government. He did tons of things and had tons of roles. Was a liberal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was prime minister a lot and did tons of reforms in England during the 19th century. Liberal |
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Term
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Definition
| WAs the conservative in British politics in the 19th century. |
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Term
| joint-stock investment banks |
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Definition
| They were investement banks where people invested their money to make money. |
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Term
| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels |
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Definition
| Marx was a radical philosopher and was also Jewish. He created the idea of communism basically. Engels funded him |
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Term
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Definition
| was the book Karl Marx wrote basically saying how to create a communist state. Why he thought it would happen. Class warfare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Its as science based on sensory experience. Thing people can see. Makes sense but that gets proven harder to be true by atoms and particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a painting done by the impressionist. It is just of a sower. It was the opposite of romanticism. |
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Term
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Definition
modern bacteria. Big deal! Microbiology.`
` |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the first lady to ever graduate medical school! |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a guy who led a revolution. Became Napoleon III |
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Term
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Definition
| It is when Napoleon III did his coup |
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Term
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Definition
| Was just the French legislation post French Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| He became Victor II and was the leader in Italian Unification. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was from Southern Italy and he led the Red shirts. He help unify Italy. Radical |
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Term
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Definition
| Was Chancellor of Prussia and then Germany. He unified Germany into one state and was big into realpolitik. He also maintained peace in Germany till he left. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the theory of politics that just did what was practical at the time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was When Prussia beat the Danish people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Prussia forced Austria to fight them and then beat them. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was the German parliamentary system. It kicked ass. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Prussia conquered France and partied in Versailles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Germany decided to create Austria Hungry. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the liberator of the poor Russian peasants. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was the village communes under Alexander II |
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Term
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Definition
| They were the local government in Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a left wing terrorist group in Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were a very moral and was a family moral type of leader. |
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Term
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Definition
| It allowed urban men to vote In England. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a way to bring about ideas. It was a way to discuss. |
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Term
| The International Working Men's Association |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| He was a mircobiologist and came up with germ theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the idea that you need a lot stuff. People began to buy things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the book Charles Darwin wrote that changed the whole world. It came up with a theory how humans evolved. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was an art style that did painted things as real. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Was an English writer who wrote in the Victorian era. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a composer of music. |
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Term
| First Industrial Revolution |
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Definition
| Was the usage of like factories and urbanization. |
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Term
| Second Industrial Revolution |
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Definition
| Was the improvement of the factories. The usage of steel and more technological advances. Trains |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a dude who created a way to create steel. |
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Term
| Internal combustion engine |
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Definition
| Was an invention that created the automobile and changed really everything |
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Term
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Definition
| Was an american inventor who made the Ford model in America. Created the assembly line and the mass production. |
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Term
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Definition
| The modern way of making labor cheap and simple. Each person having their own simple task doing it over and over again. |
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Term
| The Great Depression of 1873-1895 |
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Definition
| Was when they changed the gold standard and many people were broke and the system of free none regulated economy ended. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the modern society post industrial revolution. |
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Term
| "the most remarkable social phenomenon of the present century is the concentration of population in cities" |
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Definition
| It was the rising urbanization of cities due to the jobs in the factories. How factories became the center of whole cities. |
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Term
| "from the toilet to the river in half an hour" |
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Definition
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Term
| The Elite of Mass Society |
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Definition
| They were the really super rich old money people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were the new money people who owned factories basically the Jews |
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Term
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Definition
| They were the merchants and traders |
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Term
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Definition
| Were I guess the managers and the higher up skill workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were people who could actually build and make things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were people who could make some part of things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the population he did not know a craft. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the question about what to do about women. Should they work or stay home. |
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Term
| Cult of Middle-Class domesticity |
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Definition
| The idea that the middle class women should stay home and look good. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was an English social reformer who created modern nursing |
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Term
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Definition
| The question of what society should be like. |
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Term
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Definition
| Social Democratic party of Germany. It is the socialist in Germany to become the NAZI |
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Term
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Definition
| critical analysis of what the set historical thought and changing it. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who want no government |
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Term
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Definition
| More voting rights to men in England |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the party of labour the liberals or modern usage of the word liberal. Protected the workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| It gave Ireland the right to rule themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Was just France after it got independence. 1870 post defeat to Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| It was a political affair in France. Basically giving secrets to the Germans. It was antisemtic in nature. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| He was the last ruling Pope of the Papal States. He was big deal in the Catholic Church though. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catholic Party in the Weimar republic. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was really the one that made Germany a huge deal and really militarized it and created nationalism. He did what Hitler did before Hitler. |
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Term
| Germany's "place in the sun" |
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Definition
| Germany was the place. It was going to be the most powerful place. |
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Term
| Tsars Alexander III, Nicholas II |
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Definition
| Russian Kings who want to make Russia great and powerful but just ruined it. They get kicked out. Industrialized Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Was a social revolution in Russia where the peasents and others wanted change in Russian government. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was done by Nicholas II after the revolution and was intended to give more freedom to the people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany Austria and Italy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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Definition
| Was from Hungary and he was a big deal and the bosnian serbian assassins kill him and thus this sparks WW1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Was what Germany gave to Austria to fight people. It was an infinite amount of money. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when Austria declared war on Serbia and thus WW1 happens |
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Term
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Definition
| WAs Germany's plan to invade France through Belgium and defeat France quickly |
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Term
| American Civil War as the “Real Prototype” |
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Definition
| The war lasted a couple years and was basically a total war and it was a lot of fighting and stalemate. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a French General who helped keep France in the war by stopping Germany at Marne |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a battle between the Germany and Russia where Russia got destroyed |
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Term
| First Battle of the Marne |
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Definition
| Was when France stopped the German invasion and led to the long grueling war |
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Term
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Definition
| Was bombing the shit out of the bunkers so it was easier to move up. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was where the Entente wanted to invade turkey. They failed and it was a campaign |
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Term
| Unrestricted submarine warfare |
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Definition
| Was the concept that Germany made a deal that it would not attack passenger ships in the atlantic. It did. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All the countries efforts went towards the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very authoritative controlling governments. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the leader of the Weimar republic after it got established. He gets killed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Irish people rebelling and it gets put down |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the French leader in WW1 who wanted to punish Germany after the war |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Women worked in factories and did other things during the war that mean would normally do. |
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Term
| WWI as a “Great Social Leveler” |
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Definition
| It made it so everyone was fighting the samething whether rich or poor you were apart of one country |
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Term
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Definition
| Are just lower army people. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a Russian mystic who worked for the imperial family. He was just trying to get power. He controls the family |
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Term
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Definition
| Was when female workers fought the government. They wanted food. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was constitutional government. Sucked and failed. In Russia and Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the single party communist state in Russia |
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Term
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Definition
| Socialist in Russia who wanted to help the people. Useful idiots. They did not really matter after the soviets took over |
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Term
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Definition
| Was part of the socialist party in Russia. They were the minority. They were split from Lenin's group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The victors in Russia. They become the majority led by Lenin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a guy who really wanted power in Russia. He was a communist who led Revolutions and gained control through military power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Written by Lenin telling the Bolsheviks to get some power! |
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Term
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Definition
| WAs the prime minister of Russia in the provincial government and gets kicked out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Russian military leader who helps lenin get to power. |
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Term
| Council of People’s Commisars |
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Definition
| Were just governing bodies of the people in Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The treaty Russia had to sing to get out of WW1. Germany took a lot of land |
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Term
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Definition
| The anti communists who fought against the Bolsheviks |
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Term
|
Definition
| The communists. This was Lenin and Trotsky |
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Term
|
Definition
| Well really it was a derogatory term to the Russians. Communists basically just meant evil to most westerners. |
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Term
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Definition
| was the political and economic system in Russia during the revolution. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Just like Robespierre they killed a lot of people. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was the secret police in Russia. They did police stuff. |
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Term
| Second Battle of the Marne |
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Definition
| Was the last German effort to beat the allies and they failed and lost. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Basically the weimar republic. It was the provincial government set up by the allies. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Was a land mass with different people set up by the Allies to take away from Germany. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Same as the other slovakia. Basically just taking land from Germany. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Written by Woodrow Wilson. It was 14 points to peace. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The UN basically a way to keep nations accountable. A way to keep peace. |
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Term
|
Definition
| WAs a meeting of the France GB USA and to decide the fate of Germany. |
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Term
| Treaty of Versailles with Germany, June 28, 1919 |
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Definition
| The treaty was basically the one that put the penalties on Germany and took land and made them pay reparations. Everything was Germany's fault. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The war guilt clause. Germany taking the blame for starting the war. WW1 was there fault. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The money Germany had to pay for the damages they did in war to the other nations. They had to pay mainly France and GB for doing damage to them. |
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Term
| Termination of the European Age |
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Definition
| Europe basically was not the center of the world. USA was a big deal now. They defeated themselves. |
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