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| Created by Bismarck. An alliance betwween Germany and Austria-Hungary. Lasted from 1879 to 1914. |
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| 1906. The Germans tried to persuade France to turn against Britain. |
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| Government policy of investing in the military. One of the four main causes of World War I. An arms race emerged between Britain and Germany, with Germany constructing a navy with desires to rival the British navy. |
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| 1874 - 1878. Bosnia and Herzegovina rebelled against Ottoman rule, leading to Serbia declaring war on the Ottoman Empire in 1876. Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire as well, but Britain supported the Turks. The Turks sought peace in 1878. |
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| 1885. A conflict between Bulgaria and Serbia over territory. Russia threatened to occupy Bulgaria if it did not yield to Serbian demands; Austria-Hungary supported Bulgaria, and Germany supported Austria-Hungary. Ended the Alliance of the Three Emperors. |
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| 1912 - 1913. Italy was in conflict with the Ottoman Empire over holdings along the Adriatic Sea. |
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First Balkan War: 1912. Serbia took Macedonia.
Second Balkan War: 1913. Serbia attacked Bulgaria in hopes of gaining a seaport. Russia suported Serbia; Austria-Hungary supported Bulgaria.
Third Balkan War: World War I! |
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| A movement aimed at unity of all the Slavic peoples. |
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| 1911. Germany sent a gunboat to Morocco to protest French occupation of the city of Fez. Britain supported France again, and Germany backed down for minor concessions in equatorial Africa. |
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| Germany's plan to win World War I. Planned to defeat France in six weeks as in the Franco-Prussian War; hold off Russia, which the German high command assumed would take six months to fully mobilize; and invade France through neutral Belgium, by being granted access, in order to outflank the French armies and seize Paris. |
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| 1915. The British planned to knock Turkey, which had joined the Central Powers, out of the war by landing at the Dardanelles, a vital control point for access between the Aegean and Black Seas. It failed in 1916. |
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| A British passenger ship. The Germans sank it in May 1915, claiming that it carried contraband munitions. This action helped turn American public opinion against the Germans. |
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Wilson's peace plan; never implemented.
1. End to secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free trade
4. Arms reduction
5. Just settlement of colonial claims
6-13. Evacuation of occupied territories, national self-determination
14. Establishment of a League of Nations: an international political organization to settle disputes. |
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| Ended the war. Certain German territories and overseas colonies were ceded to the Allies; Germany was blamed for starting the war in the infamous "war guilt" clause; the German army and navy were severely reduced; the Rhineland (land between France and Germany) was to be demilitarized and occupied, and Germany had to pay $33 billion in indemnities for the civilian damage done in the war. |
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| An economic system in which the state directs the economy. |
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| Served as Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. |
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