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A class structure left over from the Middle Ages that determined the political and social order of France:
First Estate- clergy. Less than 1 percent of the population; Catholic Church owned 20% of the land. Exempt from taxes.
Second Estate- nobles. Between 2 and 4 percent of the population, owned about 20% of the land. Also paid no taxes.
Third Estate- everyone else. Over 90% of the population. Some middle class, but mostly peasants. |
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| Third Estate of the Estates-General. |
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| June 20, 1789. Third Estate swore not to disband until they had written a new constitution for France. |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen |
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| Passed August 26, 1798. Freedom of speech, thought, and religion guaranteed; due process of law guaranteed; taxes could be imposed only by consent of the governed; the right to rule belonged not just to the king but to the whole nation. |
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| October 1789. Mob led by Jean Paul Marat forced the king to relocate to the Tuileries, the royal residence in Paris. |
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| August 1791. The King of Austria threatened military action to restore order in France. It encouraged the radical revolutionaries who wanted to overthrow the monarchy. |
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| Leader of the Jacobins. Pushed for the king's execution. Also led the Republic of Virtue. |
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| An extremely revolutionary writer. Assasinated. |
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| One of the original Jacobins. |
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| French prison stormed by the revolutionaries. |
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| Revolutionary faction supported by the Paris mobs. |
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| Revolutionary faction supported by peasants in the rural areas. |
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| The new assembly under the republic. |
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| The Thermidorian Reaction |
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| Returned the moderate bourgeois reformers to power. |
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| French civil code established under Napoleon in 1804. |
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| Elevating one's relatives to positions of power. |
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| A battle fought in Germany by Napoleon in 1813. He lost and was later exiled to Elba. |
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| European royal house. Ruled France until the French Revolution, then restored in 1814 and 1815. |
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| Assembly that reorganized Europe after the Napoleon Wars. |
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