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| The granting of eventual independence to Southern Ireland after failure to suppress rebellion. |
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| Formally recognized the equality of the British Dominions, such as Canada and Australia. |
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| An organization of countries that were formerly part of the British Empire. Members enjoyed special trading privileges. |
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| Prime minister of France. In 1922, when the Germans managed to pay only part of that year's reparation bill, sent troops to occupy the mineral-rich Ruhr Valley in Western Germany. |
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| Pared down German payments and diminished the ability of the French to collect. |
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| A foreign policy in which a country abstains from political or economic relations with other countries. |
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| Began in 1929. Contributing factors included buying stocks on large margins, an unsustainable stock bubble, adjustment from a wartime economy to a peaceful one, increased mechanization creating structural unemployment, changes in international patterns of trade, and declines in consumption caused by the aftermath of World War I. |
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| The period after World War I. The traditional assumption of the perfectibility of mankind collapsed under the weight of events of new ideas. |
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| An Austrian psychologist who portrayed human behavior as the interplay of powerful irrational and unconcious forces. |
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| German scientist. Demonstrated that atoms were not the basic building blocks of the universe. |
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| A literary style focusing on the portrayal of an individual's random thoughts and feelings. Reflected the prevailing view of human life as alienated, irrational, and chaotic. |
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| Irish novelist and poet. Wrote Ulysses, a stream-of-conciousness work. |
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| English author. Wrote Mrs. Dalloway and A Room of One's Own. |
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| German physicist. Asserted the uncertainty principle of quantumn theory. |
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| States that the position and velocity of a particle cannot be measured at the same time. |
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| An artistic movement that distorted the world and presented it subjectively in order to evoke moods or ideas. Originated in Germany at the start of the 20th century. |
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| Artistic movement beginning in France with Monet. Focused on presenting an impression infused with the painter's emotion rather than a realistic portrayal. |
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| An artistic style that depicted mood through the use of geometric angles, planes, and clashing lines. Invented by Pablo Picasso. |
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| Developed in Paris in the early 1920s. Grew out of the Dada movement. Focused on the influence of the unconscious mind. |
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| A school of architecture emphasizing buildings designed with practicality and clean lines instead of ornamentation. |
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| The ironic glorification of people who portrayed individuals other than themselves. |
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| Another name for the 1920s. |
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| 1929. Began the Great Depression. |
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| English economist. Warned that if people did not consume enough or invest enough, national income would fall. Inspired FDR's New Deal. |
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| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) |
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| Part of FDR's New Deal. Protected individual depositors against bank failures. |
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| Implemented by Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR.) A series of programs and reforms, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which protected individual depositors against bank failures; the Civilian Conservation Corps, which improved the ecology while providing jobs for young people, and the Social Security Act, which guaranteed benefits to seniors, that revitalized the U.S. economy. Created a social welfare state with the obligation to relieve economic hardship while it preserved a modified and revitalized American capitalism. |
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| Instituted by socialist Leon Blum, who was prime minister under the Popular Front banner. Offered labor and agricultural reforms similar to those in the United States, but was ineffective in ending the depression. |
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| Organized the Fascist party. |
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| A combination of socialism and nationalism. The corporate state was its economic core: labor unions manage and control industry, setting the nation's political agenda. Loyalty is strongly encouraged; authority flows from the top. |
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| 1922. Caused the Italian government to collapse and won Mussolini the right to organize a new government. King Victor Emmanuel III granted him dictatorial powers for one year to end the nation's social unrest. |
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| Drafted in July 1919. Set up Germany's first modern democracy. Provided for a directly elected president and parliament (the Reichstag,) set up a senate (the Reichrat) to represent the German states, a chancellor (prime minister) who represented the majority party of the Reichstag, and a cabinet to run the government. |
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| Lead the Nazi party. Advocated an aggressive foreign policy. Drew on theories of scientific racism to insist that Aryans (people who came from Europe's original racial stock) were better. |
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| National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) |
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| Lead by Hitler. Advocated militarism, the destruction of non-Aryans, the subordination of individuals to the state, and the reinforcement of traditional roles for women. |
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| The first concentration camp. Opened in March 1933. |
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| 1935. Stripped Germany's Jews of their rights as citizens. |
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| "Night of the Broken Glass." Nazi mobs wrecked Jewish homes, temples, and stores. |
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| The Nazi's systematic extermination of Jews in Germany and eventually throughout Europe. |
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| A pact made between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan in 1936. Directed against the Soviet Union. Italy joined in 1937. |
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| Hitler's autobiography. Written during his prison sentence after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. |
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