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| People gathered chestnuts and stripped bark in the forests, they cut dandelions and grass, adn they ate these substitutes to escape starvation. Even canibilism occured in teh seventeenth century. |
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| The greatest accomplishment of medievel agriculture was the open-field system of village farming developed by European peasants. That system divided the land to becultivated by the peasants of a given village into several large fields, which were in turn cut up into long, narrow strips. |
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| In addition to rotating field crops in a uniform way, villages maintained open meadows for hay adn natural pasture. These lands were common lands, set aside primarily for the draft horses and oxen so neccesary in teh fiels, but open to the cows and pigs of the village community as well. |
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| Agricultural Revolution pg 632 |
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| The possibilities were so remarkable and the results that historians have often spoken of the progressive elimination of teh fallow, which occured gradually throughout Europe from the mid-seventeenth century on, as an agricultural revolution. This was a great milestone in human development. |
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| New patterns of organization allowed some farmers to develop increaseingly sophisticated patterns of crop rotation to suit different kinds of soils. |
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| The innovators also neeeded to enclose their individual shares of the natural pasture, the common. According to proponents of this idea, known as enclosure, a revolution in village life and organization was the neccessary price of technical progress. |
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| Proletarianization pg 636 |
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| Landless laborers had lost that bit of independence and self respect that common rights had provided and were completely dependent on cash wages. In no other European country had this proletarianization - this transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners - gone so far. And England's village poor found the cost of change heavy and unjust. |
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| Atlantic Slave Trade pg 6 |
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