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1/2 century following Peace of Westphalia that included fading out of the Renaissance, subsiding of religious wars, ruin of HRE, decline of Spain, which allowed France's superiority |
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| Grand Monarque and Sun King |
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| two of many nucjbanes Louis XIV went under |
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| Spanish king who was afflicted with disease and was a weak king who had no children and whose sister Louis XIV married to gain control of Spain, as well of France; Last of hapsburgs |
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| river ot which Louis XIC intended to gain territory in order to gain the Spanish Netherlands |
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| Free Country of Burgundy, a French, speaking region below Alsais and Lorraine, between Burgundy and Switzerland |
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| smaller nations joining together to check power of France |
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| independence of European states |
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| prince of Orange, king of England and Scotland, most tireless of Lousi XIV's enemies, married Mary Stuart, never became stadholder |
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| Estates General of the United Provinces |
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| Dutch government, Calvanist, somewhat tolerant |
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| English Navigation Act of 1651 |
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| attack against Dutch monopoly, only English or from the exporter's ship were allowed to deliver goods to England |
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series of naval conflicts over trade monopolu, English win, replace Dutch
(1652-1674) |
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Peace Treaty of the Dutch War France gives up its ambitions in Holland, but gets France-Comte from Spain |
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| sort of like a king, but a niver name |
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| author of "Law of War and Peace" tat pioneered a treatise of international law, role of countries and international law |
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| turned out works of philosophy, examining the nature of reality, human conduct, and church and state |
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| Dutch scientist, improved telescope, made clocks move with pendulums, discovered Staurn's rings, and launches wave theory of light |
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| part of Ireland where many Enlgish Anglicans moved and set up their own state |
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| One of the 2 English Parliamentary bodies, made up of mostly secular landholders |
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| one of the 2 English parliamentary bodies made up of the gentry, aristocrats, and some reps of merchants and towns |
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| Solemn League and Covenant |
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| adopted by parliament, prescribed that in England, Scotland and Ireland there would be a uniform religion of Presbyterianism if the Scottish would join their side in the fight against the royalists |
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| advanced political democrats who asked for universal manhood suffrage, equal representation in parliament and a written constitution |
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| group who believed the end of the world was at hand and said that four great empore: Assyria, Persia, Greek, and Rome, were coming to an end and making way for the fifth-Christ's |
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| written constitution of Cromwell's follower's |
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| True Law of Free Monarchy |
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| James I's book on royal absolutism and the king's freedom from any influences, other than his and Christ's |
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| more extreme, Calvanist Protestnts, wo later settled in New England and fought against Anglicans |
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| parliamentary forves, favored by Puritans, who gradually defeated royalists |
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| military force, Protestand exaltation, created by Oliver Cromwell |
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| British Isles, a republic, from 1649-1660, headed by Protectorate, Cromwell |
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| George Fox set up this, Society of Friends, rejected various social and religious and social hierarchies, allowed women to participate |
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| the title of Oliver Cromwell, that he tried to rule under after abolishing the Rump Parliament |
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| Nature of Louis XIV's rule |
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| absolute monarch, bordering on universal monarch |
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expand borders of France gain Spanish inheritance |
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| Adcantage of Dutch that enabled them to surpass many other European nations socially and commercially |
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didn't fight in 30 Year's War No damage in nation had their own nationality and independence |
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| Dutch values displayed in Remrandt's Masters of the Cloth |
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merchants businessmen flaunt their Calvanist vanity simplicity |
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| how did House of Orange develop into the hereditary stadholderate in the Netherlands |
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| fear of Louis XIV, stadholder elected by every county, usually same person for each county, became hereditary |
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| How did Dutch and English check French domination of Europe |
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| Triple Alliance with Sweden |
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| Why did it seem somewhat unique that England was able to establish a working gvt while decreasing the power of their monarch? |
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| usually succesful gvts were those in control by kings, but England was led by Parliament |
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| Who was Cromweel 2nd in command to of the Parliament's forces |
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| Removed all politicians, except Cromwell from the military |
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| What countries did Cromwell attack royalists in, besides England |
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| What Parliament wanted to make Cromwell king, and upon his refusal left him to rule England alone |
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| Rise of Puritans and growing power of Parliament and Financial |
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| James I's accomplishments |
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| Jamestown, Bible, Shakespeare |
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No imprisonment w/o just cuase No loans/taxes w/o Parliament consent No housing of soldiers in private homes No Martial Law in peactime |
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| Charles does what in reacton to Parliament's attempts to limit his power |
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| Arrests major opposers of him in Parliament |
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| What is an effet of Charles I's execution |
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| What happens to the government of England after death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658 |
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His son, Richard breifly becomes Lord Protector, but doesn't command the same respect George Monck recalls Parliament, who votes to bring back the Stuarts Charles II rturns to restore the monarch and rules form 1660-1685 in the period known as the Restoration and is known as The Merry Monarch |
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| Religiously, what does Charles want? |
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Compromise, toleration of Catholics his efforts-decleration of indulgence |
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| right to be brough before a judge to determine if a trial is necessary, guarentee of personal civil rights |
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lack of money-get help from Louis-secret Treaty of Dover lack of an heir-Jame was raised a devout catholic in France religion-they're catholics |
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| landlord-justices who directed the national and local affairs |
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| Puritans who refused to accept Church of England, who were excluded from town "corporations" or governing bodies |
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| religious meeting not held according to the forms and the authority of the Church of England |
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| daughter of Gustavas Aldolphus, queen of Sweden, when she became queen she was recieved into the Roman church |
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| Charles II's secret agreement to join Louis in war with the Dutch for financial aid |
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| James, Charles II's brother and heir, who publicly announced his conversion to Rome |
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| Scotland was the only one of this union to keep their legal system and religion, but gvt and parliament mixed with that of England's |
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| decleration of indulgence |
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| Charles II announced the nonenforcement of laws against Dissenters, favored toleration, but promoted Roman Catholicism in England |
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| Parliament required all officeholders to take communion in the Church of England |
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| wanted an alternative to James |
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| Supported James' succession to the throne, but was against James |
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in Ireland Dutch, Germans, Scots and Huguenots under WIlliam III defeated French and IRish force under James I Anglicanism remained official religion of England and James II fled to France |
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| helf that no Catholic could be king of England |
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| allowed Protestant Dissenters to practice their religion but excluded them from politics and public services |
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| Why was King Charles II reluctant to provoke Parliament to extremes |
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| he knew this led to his father's execution |
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| ruler for Louis XIV when he was too young to rule and had led to The Fronde |
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| 17th century version of Jean Bodin, who advanced the teaching of divine right and absolute monarchy |
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| Louis XIV's greast minister who worked to make France economically powerful, went beyond Richelieu in mercantilism, made France self-sufficent, reduced internal tarriffs, set up Five Great Farms, created Commercial Code, improved communications by buliding rodes and canals, found colonies, built a navy, and established French East India Company |
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| tarriff union set up by Colbnert |
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2 centuries of Bourbon rule: Henry IV Louis XIII LouisXIV Louix XV Louis XVI |
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| Revocation of the Edict of Nantes |
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| in 1685, by Louis XIV, leading persectutions of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, who left France and migrated to Hllland, Germany, and America, leading France into a century of intolerance |
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| Noble rebellion against Cardinal Mazarin, to weaken the king so they could govern. Supported by parlements, but they withdrew after the nobles turned to Spain for help |
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| kings could raise taxes if nobility was exempt |
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to gain Spanish Netherlands Blocked by Triple Alliance |
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attack Duthc provinces on lower Rhine William allied himself with Austria and Spanish Hapburgs, Bradenburg, and Denmark Result-Treaty of Nimwegen |
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| The War of the LEague of Augsburg(1688-1697) |
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France invades Alsace and Lorraine Brings conflict between France and HREmporer Leopald I fathered Cathlic powers into an allinace against French Protestant foreces Catholic and Protestant enemies formed the League of Augsburg
HRE Spain Sweden VS FRANCE Netherlands (England)*
*William, becasue he is kingof England, sends in both Netherland and English forces |
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Result of The War of the LEague of Augsburg, which left matters pretty much the same as before the war |
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| War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) |
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After Charles II's death Louis XIV and HREmporer fight for Spanish inheritance agreements to split inheritance start, but Charles II made a will: - Spanish Empire left in place
- Inhertance goes to grandson of Louis XIV
- If refused, goes to the son of Emporer
Louis accpeted, but many in Europe saw it as a threat on balace of power, in favor of France
Grand Alliance(William III) - England
- Holland France
- HRE VS Spain
- Brandenburg Bavaria
- Portugal
- Sauy
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result of The War of the Spanish Succession: - British get some land and slave trading rights from Spain
- Ruler of Savoy becomes king of Sardinia
- Ruler of Brandenbug becomes king of Prussia
- Austrian Hapsburgs get some Italian islands and the Spanish Netherlands
- Spain holds America, Grandson of Louis Phillip V is king
- Dutch recieve secxurity guarentees with the creation of a Dutch Barrier on the French side of Belgium
- British has aline of Protestant kings and maintenance of parliamentary and a constitutional gvt
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| How does James II, after the death of Charles II anger Parliament |
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| attempts to rule w/o them as an absolute monarch and asserting his "Divine Right" |
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| James II's 3 Alarming Events |
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Appointment of Catholics to positions of power (breaking Test Act) Creation of a standing army He has a son, makiing Parliament unify against him |
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| After James II's son is born what happens |
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| Parliament unifies, overthrows James II and William of ORange and Mary become rulers of England |
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| Bloodless/Glorious Revolution (1688) |
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led by William of Orange, who was invited to take the throne he lands on the English shore and led an army to London Gereal John Churchill joins William James flees (in exile in France) William and Mary take the thrown in 1689 |
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law passed by Parliament that states that a ruler can't - suspend Parliament's laws
- levy taxes w/o Parliament
- interfere w/ freedom of speech in Parliament
- penalize a citizen who petitions the king about grievances
- organize a standing army in peacetime
- post excessive bail in royal courts
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