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“Rebirth” of culture 14-16th century. Dramatic changes in the way of the arts. Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance. Significance on the human body rather than of the outside world. Emphasis on ideas of humanism,secularism and individualism |
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| associations of men in Italian cities such as Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Pisa who sought political and economic independence from local nobles; members of communes wanted self-government |
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| disenfranchised people in Italian communes who resented their exclusion from power |
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| despots or one man rulers(dictator-like rulers)-rule that triumphed most in Italy |
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| the rule of the merchant aristocracies-form of government used most widely in the most of Italy. |
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| the place or space where despots or oligarchs lived, conducted business, and displayed their wealth and patronage of the arts |
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| non-monarchical government in which political power theoretically resides in the people and is exercised by its chosen representatives |
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| another basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, self-consciousness |
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| term first used by Florentine rhetorician Leonard Bruni as a general word for "the new learning" the critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of realized human potential |
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| attitude that tends to find the ultimate explanation of everything and the final end of human beings in what reason and the senses can discover, rather than in any spiritual or transcendental belief |
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| treatise by Machiavelli on ways to gain, keep and expand power, because of its subsequent impact probably the most important literary work of the Renaissance |
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G taxes on salt
T taxes on land |
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| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges 444 |
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| statement of French king Charles VII asserting royal control over church appointments and the superiority of a general council over the papacy. |
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| the body of men who happened to be with the king at a given time and usually including his chief officials; renaissance princes tended to prefer middle class councilors to noble ones |
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| Court of Star Chamber,445 |
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| a division of the English royal council, a court that used Roman legal procedures to curb real or potential threats from the nobility, the court so called because there were stars painted on the ceiling of the chamber in which the court sat |
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| Justices of the Peace,445 |
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| English local officials in the shires appointed by the crown and given wide authority in local government |
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| popular groups in Spanish towns given royal authority to serve as local police forces and as judicial tribunals with the goal of reducing aristocratic violence |
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| term applied to Jews who accepted Christianity but since many had become Christian centuries earlier, the word "new" is not accurate; Spanish nationalism stressed "purity of blood." |
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writer of Gargantua and Pantagruel, a book that can be looked at in may different perspectives made fun of French social life. Believed institutions modeled humans. |
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Power of Florence,contributed to the arts by paying and supporting artists |
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son of Lorenzo who went to a French camp seeking peace and the Florentine s exiled the Medici and restored republican government |
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aided his son Cesare Borgia both militarily and politically and reasserted papal authority in the papal lands. Corrupted his lands. |
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Considered the hero of Machiavelli's The Prince because he initiated the work of uniting the peninsula by conquering and exacting total obedience from the principalities making up the Papal states. |
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predicted the French invasion at Florence. Attacked the pagnaismand moral vice of the city Lorenzo de'Medici's undemocratic government and the corruption of Alexander VI |
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| sculptor and goldsmith painted the doors to the batistery of Florence's catherdral, and another set of doors which was called " The Gates to Paradise". Also wrote one of the first Autobiographies. |
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painted realistic works and paid attention to human personality Northern Renaissance artist |
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| son of Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged secularism permitted the sales of indulgences helped finance the rebuilding of St peters Baslica. |
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| showed things far away small and things that were closer larger. representation of distance and space on a flat surface. |
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emphasized color, decorative detail, and curvilinear rhythms |
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| father of Humanism respected the Roman empire First to really see the beginning of a new age. |
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wrote On Pleasure defending the pleasure of the senses as the highest use |
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wrote Deccameron that showed a more secular and worldly society |
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Wrote the Courtier describing the ideal gentlemen |
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Revolutionized the printing press which stimulated literacy,porn and people could own a bible and read it for themselves and interprete it |
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| He tried to claim Italy to himself because he realized its wealth. He only suceeds in taking over Rome,Florence, Naples but is thrown out because of a previous agreement with SPain and GErmany |
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said to have led ledership according to Machiavelli's book The Prince. Expanded the French state and set the foundations for the French absolutisim |
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| Formed League of Cambria with Louis XII to try to strip Venice of its mainland pocessions |
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ushered age of recovery and ended the civil war |
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Wrote Utopia and believed that society not people need to be improved. Lawyer and minister. |
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| Consecutive wars fought for the crown of England |
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Had supreme royal authority,monarch government. Expelled Jews from Spain. |
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| Conquest of Spain from the Muslims.medieval Christian conquest of the Iberian peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) from the Moslem forces, who had invaded the area in 711 |
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| to loan money with interest |
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| Built the dome catherdral in Florence, Architect and sculpter. Pioneered perspective in painting. |
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