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The All Natural Fallacy
(Division/Composition) |
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| If it's round and it's red, it's an apple. |
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| I should ditch class, so everyone should ditch class. |
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| If your friends jumped off a cliff, would you? |
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| The Fallacy of the Antecedent |
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| I never drowned in this pool, therefore I never will. |
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| Since I can kick a soccer ball far, if I join the golf team, i can hit the golf ball far. |
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| Misinterpreting the Evidence |
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| I saw a bank being robbed, so I will never put my money in a bank. |
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| Since Peter is a procrastinator, All AP english kids are procrastinators, |
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| Since he didn't have an allaby, he committed the crime. |
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| The Senior getting the highest grade is the Valedictorian. |
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Many Questions
(Complex Question) |
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| Do you believe in Jesus Christ? |
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| If you don't go to college, you won't be successful. |
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| Confess to witchcraft, or hang. |
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| Since you stayed up last last night, you failed your math test today. |
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| I know your car isn't working right. But, if you had gone to the store one day earlier, you'd not be having problems. |
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| We shouldn't do homework, because it makes our hands work. |
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Attacking the Person
(Ad Hominem) |
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| You are so stupid your argument couldn't possibly be true. |
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| if I fail this test, I will not get into college. |
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| Since the rooster cows, the sun comes up. |
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| Faulty Appeal to Authority |
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| Experts agree that electric cars will end global warming. |
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| The apples on the top of the box look good. The entire box of apples must therefore be good. |
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| Successive words, phrases, clauses with the same or very similar grammatical structure. |
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| When normally occuring conjunctions are intentionally omitted in sentences. |
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| When one intentionally repeats a series of conjunctions. |
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| Begins with the main point, and is followed by one or more subordinate Clauses. |
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| A long sentence in which the completion of the syntax and sense is delayed until the middle or end, usually after a sequence of balanced subordinate clauses. |
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| Use of a word to modify or govern 2 or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one. She walked out the door and my life |
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| repeating of words that appear in the beginning of sentences. |
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When the last word or set of words in one sentece is repeated one or more times at the end of sentences.
Of the ppl, by the ppl, for the ppl |
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| When a word or phrase at the end of one clause is repeated at the beginning of the next clause. |
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2 contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed.
one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. |
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| 2 words TOGETHER and contradict each other. |
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| One word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. (Crown- Royalty) |
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When words in one phrase or clause are replicated in reverse.
We do not stop playing because we grow old, we grow old because we stop playing. |
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Language commonly used in an earlier time but rare in present-day usage except to suggest the older time
thou, wast, anon... |
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| giving human-like qualities to a concrete object. |
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concise statement contains a subjective truth or observation cleverly and pithily written.
Lost time is never found again. |
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A scheme in which a person or an abstract quality is directly addressed.
Freedom!! You are a beguiling mistress. |
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an inoffensive word or phrase subs. for one considered offensive or hurtful
Dead: departed, moved on..etc. |
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| A trope in which one makes a deliberate understatement for emphasis. |
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A statement that appears to contradict itself.
Someday you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again. |
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| The president o the usa, kind and warm hearted, nice..etc.. |
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| repetition of initial consonant sounds in words that are next to or near one another |
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| an implied comparison is mde between two unlike things that actually have something in common. |
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| Comparison made using like or as. |
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| The filter of word choice. |
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| Comparison made using like or as. |
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| The filter of word choice. |
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| The funcion and effetiveness of how the rhetor structures his/her sentences. |
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| The function and effectiveness of the rhetor's dictions in light of the larger purpose of the piece. |
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| The are that humans use to process all the messages we send and receive. |
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| All the forces and factors that influence a rhetor during a speaking or writing task. |
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| The character that a writer or speaker converys to the audience. |
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| The person(s) who listen to a spoken text or read a written one and are capable of responding to it. |
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| The matter or main idea that a speaker or writer writes/speaks about. |
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| The intersections of time, place, audience, and motivating factors in which a piece of writing or a speech is situated. |
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| The goal a rhetor hopes to achieve in their text- what they want their audience to do, think, or believe. |
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| A classification by text. |
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| how the rhetor uses language to establish tone as well as what the effect of a particular tone is on the audience. |
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| An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing |
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| a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea. |
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| A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional. |
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