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| a logical fallacy, in which the speaker/writer attacks his opponent rather than his opponent's idea or argument |
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| a reference to any idea known within the audience's culture |
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| the comparison of two ideas, especially when the more familiar idea is used to explain something about the less familiar |
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| apostrophe (something you do to technology when it doesn't work) |
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| direct address to an inanimate object, abstract quality, absent, and/or nonexistent personage |
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| a roundabout use of many words to describe something simple |
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| Usage Definition: specific details used to make the abstract seem concrete |
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| a descriptive phrase, identifying an its subject by a featured characteristic |
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| the "polite" reconstruction of an unpleasant or offensive expression |
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| descriptive language that taps into any of the 5 senses |
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| an indirect, usually disapproving remark, usualy suggesting something "bad" or "rude" about the object of discussion |
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a "gap" between what
(a) Verbal - is said/meant
(b)Situational - is expected/happens or (c)Dramatic - audience/characters know |
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| the compounding of two words to create a metaphoric circumlocution |
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| negative understatement for effect |
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| the portrayal of one word/idea as being or being equal to another in some significant way |
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| the substitution of a metaphorical "stand-in" for the actual idea of reference |
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| the combination, fore effect, of two usually contradictory terms |
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| the combination of two ideas that seem contradictory but in fact are not |
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| the introduction of a topic by denying its introduction |
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| the "mask" or "role" taken up by a character, narrator, or real-life person |
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| the endowment of animals, ideas, abstractions, and inanimate objects with human form, character, or sensibilities |
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| a play on two words using the similarity of their sounds, the differences in their meanings |
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| a question put forth for argumentative effect, not to provoke a reply |
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| a form of verbal irony in which "praise" is used to deliver bitter disapproval |
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| a figure spotlighting the similarity of two unlike things using "like" or "as" |
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| one word used the same grammatically but with different meanings (holding door vs holding breath) |
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| an idea with concrete "value" but stands for something else |
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| the substitution of a "part" for the "whole" |
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| the attitude demonstrated or fostered by an author toward his/her subject |
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| when the literal sense means "less than" what is intended |
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