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| The word "dreary" exhibits what type of metrical foot? |
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| The word "home" suggests family, comfort, and security, though the definition is really "the place where one resides." This is an example of what? |
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| The word "pondering" exhibits what type of metrical foot? |
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| The word-pairs "laughter/slaughter," "dive/give," and "laid/said" are all examples of what? |
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| The words "deafening silence" are an example of what? |
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| The words "sizzle," "buzz," and "zoom" are examples of what? |
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| When the dying Mercutio says, "Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man," the word "grave" is an example of a what? |
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| When one character despairingly refers to another as a "knave," a "rascal," or an "eater of broken meats," he is using a what? |
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| When Hamlet is alone on stage contemplating suicide, he speaks uninterrupted and at length. This is an example of what? |
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| What type of literary criticism focuses on female characters, such as Dounia and Sonia in Crime and Punishment? |
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| What type of criticism would argue that our understanding of relationships and the contemporary conflicts between social classes affect our appreciation and understanding of War and Peace? |
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| What type of criticism would argue that an analysis of plot, character development, setting, tone, diction, images, and themes would ultimately reveal the meaning of the novel Atonement? |
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| Walt Whitman's O Captain, My Captain" is about the death of Abraham Lincoln. This is an example of what type of poem? |
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| Unaware that she was involved, Macduff doesn't want to tell Lady Macbeth about the king's murder. He states, "The repetition, in a woman's ear/Would murder as it fell." This is an example of what? |
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| Throughout Macbeth, there are images of blood, darkness, disease, violence, and weather. These are all examples of what? |
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| The words "twanging," "clanging," and "jangling" exhibit which two literary characteristics? |
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| Onomatopoeia and double rhyme |
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| Willy Loman is the protagonist in Death of a Salesman, but as a character he is a failure; therefore he is an example of what? |
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| Who are the important minor characters in Wuthering Heights? |
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| Isabella; Lockwood; Joseph; Zillah: Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw; and Mr. and Mrs. Linton |
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| Who are the main characters in Wuthering Heights? |
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| Catherine; Heathcliff; Edgar; Hindley; young Cathy; Linton; Hareton; and Nelly Dean |
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| What role does social class play in Wuthering Heights? |
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| Catherine, being a member of a lower class, uses social status as major criteria for establishing a marriage, which is why she refuses to marry Heathcliff. Isabella is just the opposite. She is drawn to the wild, mysterious Heathcliff, even though he is beneath her social class. |
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| Explain the significance of, "I am Heathcliff" in Wuthering Heights. |
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| Catherine says this to Nelly Dean as she discusses her connection with Heathcliff. Heathcliff does not overhear this line, and thus, he leaves to seek his fortune and make himself worthy of Catherine. She married Edgar and bears him a child, but Heathcliff is the only one for her. Her ghost returns to haunt Heathcliff after her death. |
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| Conventions are widely used literary devices, styles, or forms. |
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| What are literary devices? |
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| Literary devices refer to the specific aspects of literary texts that can be recognized, interpreted, and analyzed. |
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| What are resources of language? |
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| Resources of language are another way to refer to literary devices. |
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| What are rhetorical strategies? |
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| Rhetorical strategies are the organizational strategies that a writer uses in a text. For example: Essays are typically organized with specific patterns such as narration, definition, exemplification. Narratives can be organized linearly or circularly or by shifts in points of view. |
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| A close reading, also known as an explication, is a thorough analysis of a literary text, paying particular attention to its elements. |
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| Are there alternate strategies for answering a question if there is not a complete understanding of the entire passage? |
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| The passage's meaning may not need to be stated in its entirety; rather focus on areas of the passage that are understood and demonstrate how the resources of language create meaning in those parts. |
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| Can an alternative title be used for the open free=-response prompt if it is not listed as one of the suggested titles? |
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| Provided that the chosen text adequately addresses the prompt and is of sufficient literary merit, it can be used. However, choosing a more literary text, such as Hamlet, that doesn't fit the prompt is a mistake, as is choosing young adult novels, popular fiction, and most religious fiction. |
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| Explain how remembering the abbreviation for A.P. English - APE - will help on the free response questions? |
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| APE stands for Assert - Prove - Explain. Essays should have a thesis supported with specifics from the text. Using APE ensures that the thesis (assertion) is supported using apt, specific references to text (to prove the claim); and commentary is used to specify how items relate to the thesis (explanation of chosen support). |
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| How much of the passage should be directly quoted? |
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| It's important to use specifics from the passage to support your generalizations. Follow APE; or assert, prove, explain (introduce your idea, specify a passage from text, comment on its relation to the theme). Three independent paragraphs on literary techniques will not be as effective as three paragraphs will not be as effective as three paragraphs, one after another, that work together to develop an argument. |
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| How much time should be spent on each multiple choice question? |
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| You will typically have 55 questions to answer in one hour. Therefore, a good rule of thumb is to allow as many minutes per passage as there are questions for that passage. If the passage has 15 questions, then allow 15 minutes to read the passage and answer the questions related to that passage. |
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| Is guessing a good strategy if the answer is unknown? |
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| Yes, if one or more of the distractions can be eliminated. Statistically speaking, one out of every 5 guesses should be answered correctly in order to break even. When leaving all five answers blank nets you a score of 0, and guessing at least provides a chance to break even - ore even earn some points - guessing makes sense. |
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| Is paraphrasing or summarizing a text proof enough that the content of the text is understood? |
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| No, paraphrase and summary are not the same as analysis. An understanding of the passage should be the starting point; it is not the whole picture. With a particularly difficult passage, every part of it may not be understood. Write about what is known and understood. |
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| Is there only one correct interpretation of a passage? |
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| No. Prompts are designed to foster discussion. Passages selected are usually open to a variety of interpretations. |
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| Is writing a five-paragraph essay recommended? |
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| Not if the five-paragraph essay has a meaningless introduction and a repetitious conclusion. It's far better to simply have three body paragraphs; but, if an essay develops organically from the prompt, has an interesting introduction, three body paragraphs that lead one to another, and a thought-provoking conclusion, having five paragraphs will not incur penalties. |
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| On the free-response question, should the question be rephrased or repeated in the answer's introduction? |
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| Only rephrase or repeat the prompt if you cannot think of any other way to begin your essay. This is an unnecessary waste of time and does not demonstrate higher-level thinking. |
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| Should a lot of time be spent on multiple-choice questions? |
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| No, each question is worth only one point; the difficult and/or confusing questions are not worth more, so they do not merit more time. |
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| Should questions be mentally answered by the test-taker prior to looking at the answers? |
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| Yes, if the mental answer matches one of the choices, then that choice should be selected. |
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| Should the night before the exam be spent studying anything in particular? |
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| No, getting a good night's sleep is the best thing to do to prepare for the next day's test. If something must be done, then a review of the names of characters and thematic topics in prepared literary texts is recommended. |
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| A distractor is an incorrect response. If part of the answer is incorrect, the entire choice is incorrect. |
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| What is the best way to prepare for the analytical free-response questions? |
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| The best way to prepare for the two analytical free-response prompts is to practice creating practical responses to some variation of the question. "How is the writer using the resources of language to create meaning?" Avoid creating a laundry list of literary terms without being able to analyze how the writer is using these tools to create meaning. |
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| What is the first step in answering a free=response question? |
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| First, read and mark the prompt, making sure there is a thorough understanding of what is expected. |
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| What is the intent behind the two analytical prompts? |
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| The two analytical prompts (one poetry, one prose) are designed to assess your ability to closely read a literary text. Each prompt is derived from the specific passage, so it's impossible to know exactly what you are going to write about before you read both the prompt and the passage. |
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| What is the most important thing to do to prepare for the analytical free-response questions? |
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| Pay attention to the details within the passage. Each prompt will provide some reference to literary devices, resources of language, or some other synonym. Not every device is used or is as effective in every passage. |
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| What is the most important thing to remember about free-response (essay) questions? |
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| The most important thing to remember to do is to address the prompt (or, AP). If an outstanding essay is written but does not respond directly to the question asked, a high score will not be earned. |
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| What is to be avoided when addressing a technique on the analytical free-response question? |
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| Avoid asserting that the writer (poet, novelist, dramatist, etc.) "uses diction." If there is not distinction between "concrete and abstract diction," or among the levels of diction, the obvious is merely being stated. Also avoid the assertion that the imagery is "vivid." |
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| What should be remembered about the free-response questions? |
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| Two of the three free-response questions will be analytical in nature, and one will allow you to choose a text (novel or play) about which to write. But, all three questions are weighted equally, so it is important to do well on all of them. |
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| What texts should be prepared for the open free-response question/ |
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| Test-takers should re-read texts that they like. Ideally, a variety of texts will be prepared - including at least one pre-20th century text and one play. The prompt will be unknown, so it's best to prepare for anything, to include discussions on minority groups, religious/spiritual themes, female topics, mysteries, humor, and magical realism. |
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| Which literary techniques are most important to understand and apply? |
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| The most important resources of language for a particular passage are the ones used by the writer. Without knowing the passage, it's impossible to know which to prepare, but a familiarity and comfort level with connotation, poetic form, metaphor, irony, and tone should work for most prompts. The passage must be your guide; do not pick resources of language first. |
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| Will a list of literary devices always be given in the analytical free-response questions? |
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| No, sometimes a list of suggested devices will be provided; sometimes none are suggested. If the prompt uses the phrase "such as," then you do not have to address that technique. However, if the prompt asks you to analyze the metaphor, then you must address the metaphor. Always address the prompt. |
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| "Although the Pittsburgh Panthers upset the West Virginia Mountaineers, the Pitt team didn't get to play in a bowl game, and the Mountaineers lost a chance to play in the title game" is an example of what type of sentence? |
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| "AP English students have a great thirst for hearing about new literary theories" is an example of what? |
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| "Coral is far more red than her lips' red" is an example of what? |
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| "Erik studied extremely hard for the exam, but he failed; Krista didn't prepare for it at all and aced it." This is an example of what type of irony? |
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| "Fortune smiled upon him" is an example of what? |
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| "Heard melodies are sweet" is an example of what? |
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| "His hand dropt he" is an example of what? |
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| "Icy hot" and "bittersweet" are examples of what? |
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| "Imagination is your staircase to adventure" is an example of what? |
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| At the end of the tragedy, Othello has a sudden understanding that Iago tricked him, and his wife Desdemona did not cheat on him. This is an example of what? |
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| Beowulf and The Odyssey are long narrative poems about legendary heroes. They are both examples of what? |
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| Beowulf is an epic poem; The Awakening is a novella; Atonement is a novel; and "Young Goodman Brown" is a short story. Each of these is an example of what? |
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| Characters in Julius Caesar mention a clock, which didn't exist at that point in time. This is an example of what? |
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| Chaucer's "The Nun's Priest's Tale" has animals as central characters. This is an example of what? |
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| Chaucer's passage, "He feathered Pertelote in wanton play / And trod her her twenty times ere prime of day," nicely describes a rooster's sexual relations with a hen. This is an example of a what? |
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| "Cheap" and "Inexpensive" can be considered synonyms, but they are often not interchangeable. The definition that the reader associates with each word is an example of what? |
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| David Copperfield, Song of Solomon, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are all novels that follow a pattern of personal growth for their protagonist. This type of novel is known as a what? |
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