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| reference to the leadership and institutions that make policy decisions for the country |
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| POWER. Who has it? How did they get it? What challenges will they face in keeping it? |
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| data based on factual statements and stats |
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| issues that require value judgements |
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| speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as variables |
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| measurable traits or characteristics that change under diff conditions |
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| idea that one variable causes or influences another |
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| exists when a change in one variable coincides with a change in the other |
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| 3 world approach to comparing countries |
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largely based on cold war politics.
1) US & allies
2) Soviet Union & allies
3) "Third World" nations that don't fit into 1 or 2 and are economically underdeveloped and deprived.
Democracy v. authoritarianism & communism v. capitalism |
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well established democratic govt and high levels of econ devel.
eg. Great Britain |
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| decisions made by political elites w/o much input from citizens |
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| bicameral/unicameral legislature |
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legislatures with 2 (bi) or 1 (uni) houses
eg. Britain's House of Lords & House of Commons |
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| bureaucratic authoritarian regimes |
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| head of govt exercises almost complete control over activities |
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| agencies that generally implement govt policy |
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several parties join forces and are represented in different cabinet posts
-tend to be unstable |
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| the way citizens organize and define themselves and their interests |
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| coinsiding/crosscutting cleavages |
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when every dispute lines the same groups against each other
-likely to be explosive |
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| socialist principles of centralized planning, quota-setting, and state ownership |
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| based on tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set by the courts through interpretations of statutes, legal legislation, and past rulings |
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| based on a comprehensive system of written rules (codes) of law divided into commercial, civil, and criminal codes |
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-equality over freedom
-rejects that personal freedom will ensure prosperity for majority
-advocates takeover of all resources by state that will in turn insure that true economic equality exists for the community as a whole |
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| election offers real possibility that incumbent govt may be defeated |
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| spreads power among many sub-units (such as states) and has weak central govt |
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| conflictual political culture |
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| sharply divided on legitimacy of regime and solutions to major problems |
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| consensual political culture |
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| citizens may disagree on some polit processes and policies, they tend to generally agree on how decisions are made, what issues should be addressed, and how problems should be solved |
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| see change as disruptive, legitimacy of ruling govt may be undermined |
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| serve to defend democratic principles of a country against infringement by both private citizens and the govt |
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| means a regime uses to get support from citizens |
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| arrangement in which govt officials interact with people/groups outside the govt before they set policy |
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| universal political order that draws its identity and values form everywhere |
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| forced takeover of the govt |
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| willingness on the part of the ruling elite to accept power sharing arrangements, as well as a readiness on part of the people to participate in process and lend it their active support |
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| organizations develop institutionalized and legally binding links with state agencies ~~ semi-public agencies acting on behalf of state |
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| limiting power of state over private property and market forces |
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| rules that decide how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature |
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| rejects value of equality and accepts idea that people and groups exist in degrees of inferiority and superiority |
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| divides power between central govt and the sub-units |
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| first-past-the-post (plurality, winner-take-all) |
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| winner only needs more votes than other candidates, not necessarily a majority |
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| the revival of ethnic or cultural politics |
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| organization that studies democracy around the world, ranks countries on a 1 to 7 freedom scale, 1=most free, 7 = least free |
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| low Gini index = more equal income or wealth distribution. high Gini coefficient = unequal income or wealth distrubution |
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| indications of democratization |
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| institutions/institutionalized |
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| legitimacy (traditional, charismatic, rational-legal) |
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| liberalism (political ideology) |
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| liberalism (approach to econ and polit change) |
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| politicization of religion |
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| proportional representation |
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| neo-corporatism (societal corporatism) |
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| "third wave" of democratization |
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