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| A process by which the embryo sporophyte resumes growth after a time of arrested development. Seed _____ coincides with seasonal rains. |
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| _____ provides the ATP required for growth of the seed. |
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| Refers to an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells. For plants, the mitotic cell divisions that increase the number of cells take place only at meristems. In some cases, meristematic cells never differentiate and for that they keep dividing and making new cells. |
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| When cells divide, lengthen or widen in certain directions, and become different in composition and function as a result of selective gene expression. |
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| _____ builds up against their still-soft, primary wall. |
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| _____ interact and control what happens in different tissues. They also function in plant defenses- one of them being salicyclic acid. |
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| _____ also guide plant growth and development. Ex: water availability, the hours of darkness vs daylight, gravity, and temperature. |
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| ____ form as a plant grows and develops, its diverse cells increase in number, size, and volume. |
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| the 5 major classes of these are gibberellins, auxins, cyokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. These _____ interact in ways that stimulate or inhibit growth and development. |
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| Acidic compounds synthesized in seeds and young shoot tissues. As seeds germinate, _____ induce primary roots and shoots to grow. |
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| Cells at apical meristems of roots and shoots produce _____. They are growth hormones. They are secreted in the lighted part of the plant and moves towards the dark region to cause the elongation of cells in that region. |
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| Auxins help to prevent _____. It is the dropping of leaves, flowers, or fruits. |
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| _____ are also synthesized by animal cells. Their function is to signal cells to start dividing rapidly. ____ induce divisions in apical meristems and in maturing fruits. |
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| "Gaseous hormone" ____ can promote or inhibit cell growth so that tissues expand in in the most suitable directions. |
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| A plant hormone that allows the plant to adjust to the outside stress it may encounter. Xylem movies _____ swiftly into leaves. |
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| Signaling molecules secreted by specific cells that alter activities in target cells. At specific times, they promote or arrest growth by stimulating or inhibiting cell division, elongation, differentiation, etc. |
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| Any growth response to Earth's gravitational force. |
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| Modified plastids made denser by clusters of starch grains. Gravity-sensing mechanisms of many organisms are based on this. |
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| When light streams in from one direction only, a stem or leaf adjusts its rate and direction of growth so that it grows toward the light source. In plants, _____ it orients photosynthetic cells in ways that maximize light interception. |
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| In this response, auxin and ethylene induce plants to adjust the direction of growth if they contact objects. |
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| Refers to a biological response to alternations in the length of darkness relative to daylight during a circadian cycle. Ex: the number of hrs a plant spends in darkness and in daylight shifts with the seasons. |
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| One that is completed in a period of about 24 hrs. |
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| Internal mechanisms that preset the time for recurring shifts in daily tasks or seasonal patterns of growth, development, and reproduction. |
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| A blue-green pigment that functions as a receptor for red and far-red light. It's active form, Pfr, can induce gene transcription. The trigger for flowering. |
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| _____ flower in early spring or fall, when nights are longer than some. |
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| _____ flower in summer, when nights are shorter. |
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| Low-temperature stimulation of flowering. |
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| A period of arrested growth that will not end until the arrival of special environmental cues. |
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| Refers to the phase from full maturity until the eventual death of plant parts or the whole plant. |
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