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| A spherical prokaryotic cell. It may be oval or flattened. |
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| A rod shaped prokaryotic cell. It may be long and thin or tapered like a cigar. |
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| A prokaryotic cell having one or more twists. Some species arre curled like a comma or a corkscrew. |
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| Of many cells, a semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane; helps a cell retain its shape and resist rupturing. |
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| A microbiology tool in which cells are exposed to purple dye, iodine, an alcohol wash, and then counterstain. The wall of the positive species stays purple while the wall of the negative species turns pink. |
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| A sticky mesh capsule or slime layer around a prokaryotic cell wall. It helps some encapsulated types resist being engulfed by phagocytic, infection-fighting cells of a host organism. |
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| Motile structures in prokaryotic cells which rotate like a propeller. |
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| Thin, filamentous proteins that project above the cell wall. Some help the cell adhere to surfaces and others can also help one cell pull another cell next to it as a prelude to conjugation. |
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| Of single-celled prokaryotes, increases in the number of cells of a population. |
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| A circularized, double-stranded DNA molecule that has a few proteins associated with it. |
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| A cell reproduction mechanism of prokaryotic cells only. |
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| A small, self-replicating circle of DNA with a few genes which is replicated independently of the bacterial chromosome. |
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| Among prokaryotic species, a mode of gene transfer that is possible when one of the cells has an F plasmid. |
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| In microbiology, a method of classifying an unidentified microbe by comparing it with a known group on the basis of shape, wall staining attributes, and other observable traits. |
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| Domainof prokaryotic species; the first kinds of cells that formed after life originated. |
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| Domain of prokaryotic species; one of the two lineages that evolved shortly after life originated. |
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| A type of organism which, when compared against an organism of known type, has differences that are too minor to classify it as a separate species. |
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| A type of single-celled photoautotroph; the first to use a noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis, which slowly enriched the early atmosphere with oxygen. |
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| A group of Gram-negative bacteria; the most diverse monophyletic group of prokaryotic cells. |
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| A group of intracellular parasites that cannot make ATP; they pilfer it from aniimal cells. |
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| Free-living cells, parasites, or symbionts that are motile and look like stretched-out springs. |
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| Informal name for mostly chemoheterotrophic bacteria that have a multilayered wall; not a monophyletic group. |
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| Of certain bacteria, a resting structure enclosing a bit oytoplasm and the DNA; resists heat, irradiation, drying, acids, disinfectants, and boiling water. It germinates when conditions favor growth and a bacterium emerges from it. |
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| Any bacterium or archaean that produces methane gas as a by-product of anaerobic reactions. |
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| Bacterium or archaean adapted to an extremely salty habitat. |
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| Bacterium or archaean adapted to a hot aquatic habitat; e.g., a hot spring or hydrothermal vent. |
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| A noncellular infectious agent of DNA or RNA, a protein coat and, in some types, an outer lipid envelope; it can be replicated only after its genetic material enters a host cell and subverts the host's metabolic machinery. |
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| One of a class of viruses that infects bacteria. |
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| A rapid viral replication pathway that ends with lysis of host cell. |
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| Gross damage to a cell wall, plasma membrane, or both that lets cytoplasm leak out; causes cell death. |
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| A latent period that extends many viral replication cycles. Viral genes are integrated into host chromosome and may remain inactivated through many host cell divisions before being replicated. |
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| Invasion and multiplication of a pathogen or parasite in a host. |
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| Condition that arises when the body's defenses cannot overcome infection and activities of the pathogen or parasite interfere with normal body functions. |
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| Species that originated before the kinds with a nucleus. They generally are a single chromosome and many contain plasmids and contain cell walls. |
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| Photoautotrophic Prokaryotes |
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| Species that are self-feeders that make their own food by photosynthesis. |
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| Chemoautotrophic Prokaryotes |
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| Species that are self-feeders by obtaining carbon from CO2 and by obtaining energy by oxidizing organic or inorganic compounds. |
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| Photoheterotrophic Prokaryotes |
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| Non-self-feeders which tap the sun's energy but must get carbon from organic compounds. |
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| Chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes |
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| Species that are the most common types and are not self-feeders. The parasites get nutrients from a living host. The saprobes digest organic products or remains of organisms in the enviroment, then absorb the breakdown products. |
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