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| A relationship between two species that directly help one species but affects the other little, if at all |
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| A relationship between two species in which both species benefit |
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| Interspecific competition |
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| A relationship between two species in which one species wins or loses with respect to access to some resource |
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| Directly benefit one species- typically kill and eat prey |
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| Directly benefits one species-live in or on hosts and weaken, but rarely kill outright |
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| All species of a community that share the same habitat |
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| A relationship between species in which interaction is helpful, but not vital |
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| Each species must have access to the other in order to complete its life cycle and reproduce |
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| One species controls or blocks access of another species to some source |
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| When different species have equal access to a resource, but one is better at using it |
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| Competitive Exclusion (Gause's Law) |
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| Suggestion that two species that use identical resources cannot coexist |
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| A subdividing of some category of similar resources, which allows competing resources to coexist |
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| Species that evolve jointly as their close ecological interaction exerts selection pressure on each other over generations |
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| Body form, patterning, color, behavior, or some conbination of these that blend with the surrounding and help the organism avoid detection |
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| An ecological association between one species that is a model for deception and a different species (a mimic) which very closely resembles it in form, behavior, or both |
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| Prey species defense that have patterns and colors predators recognize as avoidance signals |
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| A protection in which leaves, flowers, and seeds of many plants contain bitter, hard-to-digest, or dangerous repellents |
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| When luck runs out and an animal is under attack or cornered, defenses such as hissing, puffing up, baring sharp teeth, playing dead ect. |
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| Parasite that spends its immature stage of its life in a different insect's body which they devour from the inside out, and always kill their hosts directly |
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| Species that are the start of a community structure |
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| A process that begins when pioneer species colonize a barren habitat and set the stage for their own replacement |
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| Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis |
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| Theory in which a species richness of a community becomes greatest in between disturbances of moderate intensity or frequency |
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| When residence of established communities move out from their home range and successfully take up residence elsewhere; type of directional movement |
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| A resident of an established community that dispersed from its home range and become established elsewhere |
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| The way region/area size effects its inhabitants |
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| In which areas are far away from a source of potential colonists receive fewer colonizing species, and the few that do arrive naturally are adapted for long distance dispersal |
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| Plants and other self-feeding organisms |
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| Organisms that eat particles of decomposing matter (i.e. earthworms, crabs) |
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| Break down organic remains and wastes of all organisms |
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| Heterotrophs in an ecosystem that feed on tissues, products, and remains of other organisms |
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| Array of organisms, together with their environment, interacting by a flow of energy and cycling materials |
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| Functional roles of organisms in a hierarchy of feeding relationships |
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| A strait-line sequence of steps by which energy originally stored in autotroph tissues moves to higher trophic levels |
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| Food web in which energy flows from mostly into herbivors, carnivors, then decomposers |
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| Food web in which energy from producers flows mainly into detritivors and decomposers |
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| Ever increasing concentration of a slowly degradable or nondegradable substance in body tissues as it is passed along food chains |
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| The rate at which an ecosystem's primary producers secure and store energy in tissues in a given interval |
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| The gross primary production minus the energy used by the producers and soil detritivores and decomposers |
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| Chart in which the size of successive tiers depicts the measured |
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| Diagram that depicts the energy stored in the tissues of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem |
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| Slow movement of an element from environmental reservoirs, through food webs, then back |
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| Any element having a direct or indirect role in metabolism that no other element can fulfill |
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| Biogeochemical cycle driven by solar energy |
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| Any region where precipitation flows into a single stream or river |
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| A build-up of salt in soil that stunts crop plants and decreases yeilds |
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| Water in aquifers and soil |
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| An atmospheric cycle; carbon moves from its environmental reservoirs, through the atmosphere, food webs, and back to the reservoirs |
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| Trapping of heat near Earth's surface by the action of atmospheric gases |
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| One stage of the nitrogen cycle process, where bacteria converts gaseous nitrogen to ammonia, which dissolves their cytoplasm to form ammonium for use in biosynthesis |
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| One stage of the nitrogen cycle process; soil fungi and bacteria decompose nitrogen-containing compounds, the result being ammonia and ammonium ions that plant roots can absorb |
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