Term
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Definition
| The complete complement of an organism's genes |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect? |
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Definition
| One gene only is used in a specific cell type. |
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Term
| Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| A gene's location along a chromosome is known as which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| The human X and Y chromosomes |
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Definition
| include genes that determine an individual's sex. |
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Term
| Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=16? |
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Definition
| Each cell has 8 homologus pairs. |
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Term
| Which of these statements is false? |
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Definition
| At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. |
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Term
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In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in |
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Definition
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Term
| Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent a gametophyte cell? |
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Definition
| Either II (4n) or III (n) |
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Term
| Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sample might represent a sperm cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species? |
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Definition
| By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes |
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Term
| How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggests |
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Definition
| that the parents were both heterozygous. |
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Term
| Two characters that appear in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation should have which of the following properties? |
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Definition
| The genes controlling the characters obey the law of independent assortment. |
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Term
| A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes in possible in a gamete from this organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with dark leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the boxes correspond to plants with a heterozygous genotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the plants will be true-breeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur and long tails? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Given the parents AABBCc x AabbCc, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drosophila (fruit flies) usually have long wings (+) but mutations in two different genes can result in bent wings (bt) or vestigal wings (vg). If a homozygous bent wing fly is mated with a homozygous vestigal wing fly,which of the following offspring would you expect? |
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Definition
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Term
| In snapdragons, heterozygotes for one of the genes have pink flowers, whereas homozygotes have red or white flowers. When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring will have pink flowers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tallness (T) in snapdragons is dominant to dwarfness (t), while red (R) flower color is dominant to white (r). The heterozygous condition results in pink (Rr) flower color. A dwarf, red snapdragon is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and white flowers. What are the genotype and phenotype of the F1 individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| skin color in a certain species of fish is inherited via a single gene with four different alleles. How many different types of gametes would be possible in this system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a possible partial genotype for the son? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a possible genotype for the mother? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a possible phenotype for the father? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the probable genotype for the mother? |
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Definition
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Term
| If both children are of blood group MM, which of the following is possible? |
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Definition
| Each parent is either M or MN. |
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Term
| Which describes the ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which describes the ABO blood group system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following terms best describes when the phenotype of the heterozygote differs from the phenotypes of both homozygotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the genotype of individual II-5? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the likelihood that the progeny of IV-3 and IV-4 will have wooly hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww? |
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Definition
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Term
| A pedigree analysis for a given disorder's occurence in a family shows that, although both parents of an affected child are normal, each of the parents has had relatives with the same condition. The disorder is then which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pedigree below traces the inheritance of alkaptonuria, a biochemical disorder. Affected individuals, indicated here by the colored circles and squares, are unable to metabolize a substance called alkapton, which colors the urine and stains body tissues. Does alkaptonuria appear to be caused by a dominant allele of by a recessive llele? Fill in the genotypes of the individuals whose genotypes can be deduced. What genotypes are possible for each of the other individuals? |
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Definition
Recessive
George, Sam, Ann, Michael, Daniel, Alan: Aa
Arlene, Tom, Wilma, Carla: aa
Sandra, Tina, Christopher: A? (unknown) |
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Term
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Definition
| A heritable unit that determines a character and can exist in different forms |
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Term
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Definition
| An alternative version of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A heritable feature that varies among individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| A variant for a character |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines phenotype in a heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| Has no effect on phenotype in a heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| The genetic makeup of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism's appearance or observable traits |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two identical alleles for a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Having two different alleles for a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross between individuals heterozygous for a single character |
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Term
| When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies where male. What was the explanation for this result? |
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Definition
| The gene involved is on the Y chromosome |
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Term
| Morgan and his colleagues worked out a set of symbols to represent fly genotypes. Which of the following are representative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sturtevant provided genetic evidence for the existence of four pairs of chromosomes in Drosophila in which of these ways? |
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Definition
| Drosophila genes cluster into four distinct groups of linked genes. |
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Term
| A man with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXX) is expected to have any of the following EXCEPT |
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Definition
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Term
| A woman is found to have 47 chromosomes, including 3 X chromosomes. Which of the following describes her expected phenotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because |
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Definition
| males are hemizygous for the X chromosome. |
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Term
| What is the chromosomal system for determining sex in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chromosmal system for sex determination in birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chromosomal system of sex determination in most species of ants and bees? |
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Definition
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Term
| SRY is best described in which of the following ways? |
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Definition
| A gene region present on the Y chromosome that triggers male development. |
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Term
| In cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kind of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male? |
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Definition
| Tortoiseshell females; black males |
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Term
| Cinnabar eyes is a sex-linked recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme. Males are ZZ and females are ZW. A recessive lethal allele that causes death of the embryo is sometimes present on the Z chromosome in pigeons. What would be the sex ratio in the offspring of a cross between a male that is heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many of their daughters might be expected to be color-blind dwarfs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proportion of their sons would be color-blind and of normal height? |
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Definition
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Term
| They have a daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision. What is the probability that she is heterozygous for both genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Barr body is normally found in the nucleus of which kind of human cell? |
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Definition
| Somatic cells of a female only |
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Term
| What is the reason that linked genes are inherited together? |
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Definition
| They are located close together on the same chromosome. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism for the production of genetic recombinants? |
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Definition
| Crossing over and independent assortment |
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Term
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Definition
| Both A (located on different chromosomes.) and C (located far from each other on the same chromosome.) |
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Term
| The frequency of crossing over between any two linked genes will be which of the following? |
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Definition
| Proportional to the distance between them |
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Term
| One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. What is this alteration called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order for chromosomes to undergo inversion or translocation, which of thew following is required? |
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Definition
| Chromosome breakage and rejoining |
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Term
| The pedigree in figure 15.4 shows the transmission of a trait in a particular family. Based on this pattern of transmission, the trait is most likely |
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Definition
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