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| The outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane, that has a more gel-like consistency than the inner regions, due to the presence of multiple microfilaments. |
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| In plants, ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or eudicot stem. |
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| Flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists. |
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| The dermal tissue system of nonwoody plants, usually consisting of a single layer of tightly packed cells. |
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| The outermost layer of cells in an animal. |
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| A region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. |
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| Swollen or distended, as in plant cells. (A walled cell becomes this if it has a greater solute concentration than its surroundings, resulting in entry of water.) |
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| The cutting and sealing of each vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the urethra. |
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| A cell that divides mitotically to form oocytes. |
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| A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. |
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| In popular usage, a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. |
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| As a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. |
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| The flow of air or water over a respiratory surface. |
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| A plant homeotic gene that uses positional information to determine which emerging leaves develop into which types of floral organs. |
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| The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. |
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| The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells. |
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| A catecholamine that is chemically and functionally similar to epinephrine and acts as a hormone or neurotransmitter; also known as noradrenaline. |
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| Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or two true-breeding varieties of the same species. |
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| An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence. |
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| A fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei. |
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| A sensory receptor that detects physical deformation in the body's environment associated with pressure, touch, stretch, motion, or sound. |
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