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| A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a king. |
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| A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a private entrepreneur. |
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| A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a joint-stock company. |
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| The Virginia legislature and start of democracy. |
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| Direct democracy / majority rule established (Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620). |
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| A government ruled by or subject to religious authority. |
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| A government ruled by a privileged, primarily hereditary, ruling class. |
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| Democratic / Republican Government |
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| A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. |
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| Northeast. Men met in town halls and debated and voted for laws. |
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| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| 1639: A rough draft of a constitution for the Puritan settlements. |
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| New England Confederation |
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| 1643: Four Puritan colonies (Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered colonies in Connecticut) come together for defense against enemies. Each colony received two votes for inter-colonial problems. A first big step towards colonial unity. |
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| 1686: Similar to New England Confederation. Created by the crown and included all of New England (also added NY and E and W NJ later). Promoted the efficiency of English Navigation Laws. Headed by Sir Edmund Andros. |
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| English Navigation Laws / Mercantilist Laws |
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| Stated America could only trade with colonies ruled by England. |
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| 1676: A series of riots led by Nathaniel Bacon. Caused by unhappy old indentured servants with no land. Crushed by Governor William Berkeley. |
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| The head of the Dominion of New England. |
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| Spread through much of Europe in the eighteenth century. Motivated the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. |
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| England's Glorious Revolution |
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| 1688: Parliament deposes Roman Catholic King James II and puts Protestant King William III and Queen Mary II on the throne. |
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| British policy that avoided the strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the American colonies. Lasted from around 1607 to 1763 and allowed for American trade relations outside of Britain to flourish. Ended by the Stamp Act and Sugar Act. |
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| Started when a group of Virginians led by George Washington lay claim to the Ohio Valley (where France is setting up forts to command the Ohio River). This clash expands into the French and Indian War, which then expands into the Seven Years' War. |
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| Albany Congress' Plan of Union |
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| An early attempt headed by Benjamin Franklin to form a union of the colonies that would remain under the authority of the British Crown. It was rejected but later was used in writing the Articles of Confederation. |
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| Ended the French and Indian War / Seven Years' War. |
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| Indians rebel against British policies after the French and Indian War. |
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| Organized Britain's North American empire and tried to stabilize Indian relations through trade. |
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| Designed to enforce the Navigation Laws, primarily in New England. Hated by the colonists. |
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| 1764: Tax revenue and duty of West Indies sugar raised. |
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| 1765: Certain colonies were required to provide food / shelter to British troops. |
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| 1765: Mandated the use of stamped paper on certain items. |
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| A statement with rights and grievances drawn up in response to the Stamp Act and other British actions that were deemed to be unfair (ie. trial by jury and colonists should have the same rights as Englishmen). |
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| 1766: Saved face for the British Parliament after the Stamp Act was repealed. |
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| A patriotic, secret society that originally opposed the Stamp Act but expanded to support American independence. |
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| 1767: A light import was placed on certain items. An indirect customs duty was also put in place that was used to pay royal workers in America. |
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| March 5, 1770: A fight between Boston citizens and red coats where five civilians die. Details are sketchy. |
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| 1772: A rowdy group of Rhode Island merchants catch a British merchant vessel and burn it to promote a message. |
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| 1776: A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that supported a revolution against Britain. |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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| Bodies organized by local governments for the purpose of rallying opposition for common causes and establishing plans for collective action. |
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| 1773: Colonists disguised as Indians dump tea into the Boston harbor. |
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| 1774: The boundary of Quebec is extended to the Ohio River. The French are guaranteed their Catholic religion and are allowed to retain their old traditions. The colonists are alarmed. |
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| 1774: Limited home rule in the colonies where Parliament could veto any decision. It didn't take hold. |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| 1774: Called in response to the Intolerable Acts. Tried to redress colonial grievances. The Declaration of Rights and The Association were drawn up. |
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| A complete boycott of British goods. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| 1776: Adopted the Declaration of Independence. |
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| 1775: "Minute men" don't disperse quickly enough. Eight Americans are killed. |
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| A last attempt by colonists to come to peace with England. Denied by George III. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| 1776: Approved by the Second Continental Congress, written by Thomas Jefferson. You know the drill. |
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| 1777: Burgoyne (British) surrenders to Gates (Colonies). A turning point in the American Revolution. |
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| 1778: French ally with the U.S. The U.S. is unhappy but need the help and can't say no. |
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| Each colony drew up their own constitution. James Madison based the U.S. Constitution off of these. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| 1781: The first constitution of the U.S. Gave states sovereignty over the majority of government functions and gave almost no power to the federal government. |
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| 1781: American victory by Washington and Rochambeau over British General Cornwallis. The last major land battle of the American Revolution. |
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| Ended the American Revolution. |
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| Investors pooled their capital towards a common goal. |
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| Crops that were crucial to survival. Grown for sustenance. |
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| Crops that were grown primarily for exportation. |
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| Fifty acres were granted to those who brought over indentured servants. |
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-Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe.
-Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa.
-Slaves to the Americas. |
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| Certain crops could not be directly sold (first had to be shipped to England). |
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| 1773: East Indian Company given a monopoly of the American tea market. Colonists upset. |
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| Left the Church of England because they felt it was beyond repair. |
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| Part of the Church of England. |
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| Wanted reform in the Church of England. |
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| A figurative idea that Puritans based their "perfect" society off of. Also used to convert others. |
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| Winter of 1609-1610. Caused by colonists unwillingness to work (due to their privileged backgrounds). |
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| Winter of 1620-1621. Not as bad as Jamestown. |
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| The idea that if you were predestined you didn't have to follow any rules. Popular with Anne Hutchinson and her followers. |
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| Puritan exodus from England to the U.S. |
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| Partial membership in the Puritan church. |
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| Founded to be a haven for Roman Catholics. |
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1649:
-Protected those who believed in the divinity of Jesus
-No Jews or Atheists |
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| Founded by William Penn. Originally a Quaker community. |
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| Found in New England and inner southern colonies. Farmers who didn't grow for exports, only for sustenance. |
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Only the eldest son inherited land.
Caused second sons to flock to the New World (nothing for them in England). |
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| "Old" Lights vs. "New" Lights |
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| Two different styles of preaching. "Old" Lights were orthodox. "New" Lights tried to convert with new ideas. |
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| The best place to grow tobacco was near the coast (Tidewaters). Tidewaters were earlier generations of immigrants who had grown rich off the fertile soil. Piedmonts were generally poorer immigrants who had immigrated later and got stuck with the "leftover" land. |
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| Generally wealthy and Anglican (definitely NOT Puritan). Exodus to England / Canada during the war. Those who stayed in the colonies suffered. |
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| A Separatist Puritan leader. |
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| A Puritan leader in Massachusetts Bay. |
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| Believed in antinomianism. Supposedly had direct contact with God. Exiled. |
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| Advocate for separation of church and state. |
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| A Puritan preacher in Connecticut. Anne Hutchinson confides in him but he betrays her. |
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| The leader of Metacom's Rebellion. |
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Supervisor behind witch trials.
Researched small pox inoculation. |
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-Got Jamestown's act together ("Those who shall not work, shall not eat").
-Improved relations with hostile Indians. |
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| The father of tobacco. Married Pocahontas. |
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| Cecelius Calvert / Lord Baltimore |
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| Jonathan Edwards / George Whitefield |
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| Great Awakening preachers. |
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| 1730s/1740s: A period of heightened religious activity. |
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| An Enlightenment thinker who really influenced the ideas in the Declaration of Independence. |
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| Formed some Navigation Laws. |
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| Made the peace treaty with England. |
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| Formed the first Committee of Correspondence. |
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| A black man who was killed during the Boston Massacre. |
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| "Give me liberty, or give me death!" |
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| A Frenchman who asked what an American is and observed an "ideal America". |
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| A Loyalist who created a list detailing why the colonists could not win against Britain. |
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| Wrote the first Declaration of Independence. All of his ideas were used in Thomas Jefferson's later version. |
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| A British politician responsible for the Townshend Acts. |
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