Term
| Which of the following pairs of hormones are antagonists? |
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Definition
| calcitonin/parathyroid hormone and |
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Term
| Biochemicals that affect the function of “target cells” are called… |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis can promote skin pigmentation and suppress the appetite? |
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Definition
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Term
| An individual’s blood glucose level is climbing and reaching levels above normal homeostatic ranges. Which hormone would need to be released to return blood glucose levels to normal? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the… |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________ are hormones that can pass through the cell membrane and initiate protein synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone is responsible for development of egg-containing follicles in females and sperm production in males? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone stimulates milk production in females after they have given birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the primary control for the endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The control for calcitonin secretion is blood ____________________ concentration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some steroid hormones |
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Definition
| Steroid hormones include cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone |
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Term
| Non-steroid hormones names |
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Definition
| cholecystokinin, epinephrine, dopamine, insulin, norepinephrine, serotonin, and vasopressin |
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Term
| How do steroid hormones affect the cell? |
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Definition
| like estrogen, directly affect gene expression in their target cells. These hormones are lipid soluble and can diffuse directly through the the plasma membrane of a cell to bind with special receptors in the nucleus |
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Term
| How do Non Steroid hormones effect the cell? |
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Definition
| Non-steroid hormones, such as insulin, cannot diffuse through plasma membrane. These hormones influence cytoplasmic activities through a second messenger, cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which in turn affects the cellular biochemistry and metabolism. Second messengers often initiate an enzyme cascade, where each step activates an enzyme that in turn activates the next enzyme in the series. These enzyme cascades amplify the effects of hormone molecules on target cell metabolism. When the blood sugar level lowers, insulin is released. |
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Term
| What is Negative Feed back System? |
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Definition
| Negative feedback mechanisms act like a thermostat in the home. As the temperature rises (deviation from the ideal normal value), the thermostat detects the change and triggers the air-conditioning to turn on and cool the house. Once the temperature reaches its thermostat setting (ideal normal value), the air conditioning turns off. |
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Term
| Give an example of negative feedback? |
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Definition
| An example of negative feedback is the regulation of the blood calcium level. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the blood calcium amount. If calcium decreases, the parathyroid glands sense the decrease and secrete more parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium release from the bones and increases the calcium uptake into the bloodstream from the collecting tubules in the kidneys. Conversely, if blood calcium increases too much, the parathyroid glands reduce parathyroid hormone production. Both responses are examples of negative feedback because in both cases the effects are negative (opposite) to the stimulus |
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Term
| What are the hormone of the adenohypophysis and what are their functions? There are 7 |
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Definition
Somatotrophic hormone (STH) or Growth hormone (GH)
2. Adenocarticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
4. Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH)
5. Gonadotropic hormone (GTH)
a. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Term
| Somatotrophic hormone (STH) or Growth hormone (GH) does what? |
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Definition
| STH brings about normal growth when secreted in normal rate. It should neither be high nor low. Oversecretion of STH in childhood leads to excessive growth in length of the bones and results in a condition known as gigantism. In adults hypersecretion of STH results in a condition known as acromegali |
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Term
| Adenocarticotrophic hormone (ACTH) does what? |
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Definition
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex and causes the secretion glucocorticoids.
Gluco-corticoid is a very essential hormone for an individual to meet the stressful conditions.
The hypothalamus inturn influences adenohypophysis to secrete more quantity of ACTH.
Melanocyte pigmentation is also under the control of ACTH and patients in whom there is insufficiency of adrenal secretion are abnormally pigmented as a result of the loss of negative feedback provided by Cortisol. This condition is known as Addison's disease. |
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Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
1. It controls the various aspects of the functioning of the thyroid gland.
2. Promotes accumulation of iodine and increases the quantity of intracellular colloids in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. This induces the liberation of the hormone thyroxin. |
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Term
| Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH) |
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Definition
The general functions assigned to LTH hormone are
1. It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.
2. It stimulates the production of Corpus-luteum |
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Term
| Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH) |
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Definition
The general functions assigned to LTH hormone are
1. It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.
2. It stimulates the production of Corpus-luteum |
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Term
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Definition
luteinizing hormone
2. any hypothalamic factor that stimulates release of both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. |
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Term
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| (FSH) one of the gonadotropic hormones of the adenohypophysis; it stimulates ovarian follicle growth and maturation, estrogen secretion, and endometrial changes characteristic of the first portion of the menstrual cycle in females, and stimulates spermatogenesis in males |
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