Term
| What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common type of congenital cause for AS? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a bicuspid aortic valve is seen, what is commonly associated with this besides stenosis? |
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Definition
| coarction 75 % of the time |
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Term
| What type of murmur is heard with AS? |
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Definition
| crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur |
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Term
| What finding can be seen on M-Mode when severe AS is present? |
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Definition
| B-Bump due to increased LVEDP |
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Term
| How will a bicuspid aortic valve appear on PSAX view? |
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Definition
| when open will have a football appearance |
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Term
| Where does a coarction occur in the descending aorta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mumur is heard with severe AI that is directed towards the mitral valve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is aortic prolapse a chronic or acute cause of AI? |
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Definition
| Chronic- normally congenital |
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Term
What type of murmur is heard with AI? |
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Definition
| decrescendo diastolic blowing murmur |
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Term
| When a patient has an aortic aneurysm measuring 5.2 cm, what would be suggested? |
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Definition
| doing echos more frequently |
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Term
| When a patient has an aortic aneurysm measuring 6.3 cm, what is suggested? |
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Definition
| aortic valve and root replacement |
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Term
What is the patient's chances of an aortic aneurysm rupturing and what are their odds of survival? |
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Definition
| 50% chance of rupture and 50% chance of survival |
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Term
| When an aortic aneursym only affects one side of the aortic wall, what is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the aortic vessel? |
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Definition
| intimal, medial, adventitia |
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Term
| When a dissection occurs, what 2 layers separate? |
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Definition
| intimal and medial layers |
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Term
| Why must a dissection be ruled out before medication is given? |
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Definition
| r-TPA could be given if not ruled out and would cause bleeding |
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Term
| What does a debakey classification # 2 include? |
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Definition
| tear beginning in the ascending and involves the arch |
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Term
| Which coronary sinus is usually involved when a sinus of valsalva aneurysm is present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is also present with a sinus of valsalva aneurysm that can be seen in the LVOT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 cardiac abnormalities are seen with Marfan's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
What is endocarditis caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is endocarditis most commonly treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before a dental exam, what must a patient with a bicuspid valve take? |
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Definition
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Term
If the TV and PV were affected with endocarditis, what could be assumed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of endocarditis has a gradual onset that could take up to a year before symptoms develop? |
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Definition
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Term
Who is commonly affected by endocarditis? |
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Definition
| elderly or or patients with preexisting heart conditions |
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Term
| What are splinter hemorrhages? |
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Definition
| dark red lines of bleeding found under the nail |
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Term
| What is a cause of petechiae and bleeding under the nail? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of patients are properly diagnosed and treated with regards to endocarditis? |
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Definition
| 75-90% are treated and diagnosed |
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Term
| What is the main risk factor of endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
Where would an Aortic mumur be heard? |
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Definition
| at the 2nd intercostal space RSB |
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Term
| What is the best 2D indicator of AS? |
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Definition
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Term
How soon will rheumatic heart disease show signs and symptoms? |
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Definition
| takes 20 years or more for symptomes to occurs |
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