Term
What sub-dicipline of anthro would include the study of Neanderthal bones?
Archaeology
Physical anthro
Medical anthro
Linguistic anthro
sociocultural anthro |
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Definition
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Term
| how do archeologists attempt to understand culture? |
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Definition
| they study artifacts, sites and landscapes. |
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Term
| The one-child policy in China is an exmple of what approach to understand culture? |
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Definition
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Term
Forensic anthropology, rescure archaeology, bilingual training prorams, development projects are all examples of what?
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Definition
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Term
| Studying bones of a feathered dinosaur is an example of what study of anthropology? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true about creation stories?
a) they are found cross-culturally
b) they underscore the values of a particular society.
c) they fulfull a psychological need to know where we come from.
d) they are testable and verifyable using scientific methods.
e) non of the above. |
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Definition
| they are testable and veryfiable using scientific methods. |
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Term
| The houseflies have become resistant to the insecticide DDT. This is an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who came up with "the aid that animals gave humans" creation story outlined in class? |
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Definition
| It was Wendat's creation story |
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Term
| The idea of evolution put forward by Darwin and other scientists of the 19th century challened what idea? |
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Definition
| They challenged the notion of the fixity of species. |
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Term
| Wwhen Mendel bred 'pure' round peas with 'pure' wrinckled peas, he found that in the first generation... |
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Definition
| all of the peas were rounded. |
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Term
| Individuals who have identical allele's for a trait are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is uniformitarianism? |
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Definition
| It is the idea that the earth is formed by the same process we obvserve today. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the change in allele frequencies in the gene pool over time. |
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Term
| A person who has blood type O is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following mechanisms of microevolution strongly affects small populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| When Europeans arrived in the Americas for the first time, they interbred with existing Indigenous populations and changed the gene pool of the Indigenous populatioin of the Americans. This is an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
The Hardy-Weinberg principle indicated that there will be no microevolution when which of the following conditions are met?
a) no introduction of new genetic materical
b) random mating
c) a sufficiently large population
d) everyone is equally successive at surviving and reproducing
e) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| What is sickle cell anemia? |
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Definition
| heterozygotes are asymptomatic for the sickle cell disease and better able to survive malaria than people who are homozygous from normal hemoglobin.Sickle cell anemia is a disease that causes an abormality in the red blood cells that restrict blood flow causing internal damage. |
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Term
| The source of new genes is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to produce lactase as an adult is what? |
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Definition
| There is a correlation between this trait and the length of time a population has raised animals that provide milk. |
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Term
| What is the factor that does not affect the skin colour of populations? |
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Definition
| Natural selection of people with high melanin levels in high latitudes, to prevent sunburn and skin cancer. |
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Term
| A species in which two alleles for cleft chin existed and these two alleles were found in equal frequency in all populations would be what for this allele? |
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Definition
| polymorphic but not polytypic. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is short term and reversible change in the body that is a response to environmental conditions. |
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Term
| The idea that smaller sized sub-populations of a species inhabit warmer parts of the species ranges, and larger-sized sub-population inhabit cooler parts of the range is known as whos rule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are Aferican-Americans dominant in certain sports such as basketball, running and boxing? Who purposed this idea? |
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Definition
| There are cultural factors that favour working to excel in these sports in each of the respective locations. |
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Term
Which of the following human traits is 'primitive' or ancestral?
a) bipedalism
b) lack of a tail
c) large brain
d) inability to grap with the big toe
e) pentadactyly |
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Definition
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Term
| The retention of the ______ helps to support the upper limb and allows for flexibility of movement in primated that has been lost in other mammals. |
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Definition
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Term
| The dentition of primates attests to tendencies towards _____ in many species including humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lorisiformes have what characteristics? |
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Definition
-wet nose
-nocturnal
-insectivorous
-found in rainforests if Asia and Africa. |
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Term
| What characteristics do platyrrhines have? |
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Definition
-mainly arboreal
-found in tropical forests
-have a broad flat nose
-include some species with prehensile tail. |
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Term
| What characteristics do lemuriformes have? |
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Definition
-found in Madagascar
-include wet nose
-claw on the second digit
-relatiely long snout. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is not a member of the superfamily Hominoidea? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tay-Sachs is expressed more frequently in enormous populations. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the strategy by which humans adapt to the natural environment. |
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Term
| Cultural anthropology includes what? |
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Definition
| the recovery and analysis of material artifacts from earlier civilization. |
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Term
| Primatology is the study of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The strategy humans developed that enable them to adapt to the natural environment is what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| material culture items, such as tools. |
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Term
| Historical archeology is the study of what? |
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Definition
| earlier human cultures, using archaeology but supplemented by contemporary written documents. |
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Term
| What is classical archaeology? |
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Definition
| it evaluates threatened sites due to construction or developmental and research into cultural resource. |
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Term
| What is linguistic anthropology? |
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Definition
| it includes the language and communication of non human species and include the origins of languages. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a provisional statement regarding certain scientific facts. |
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Term
| what is the function of a cell? |
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Definition
| protein synthesis, metiosis, breaking down nutrients, and storing energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| they're one type of eukaryotic cell, non gametes, the cellular components of tissue. |
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Term
| A person who has a blood type B is heterozygous and their genotype is what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is always the only factor that influences phenotype. |
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Term
| What is mitochondrial DNA? |
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Definition
| it directs the conversion of energy within cells. |
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Term
| The study of genes in population is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| categorizing people on the basis of skin color is an example of what? |
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Definition
| it has a long historical and has been a common practice, which has lead to racism. |
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Term
| Infectious diseases are illnesses that? |
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Definition
| are caused by microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria. |
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Term
| Vertebrates include what? |
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Definition
| humans and animals with bony spinal columns, including fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals and all members of phylum chordata. |
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Term
| What is sexual dimporphism? |
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Definition
| it is the physical difference between the males and females in a species. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. |
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Term
| what is it called when something uses all four limbs to support the body during movement ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two major sub-groupings of monkeys? |
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Definition
| new world and old world monkeys |
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Term
| What trait is seen in some new world moneys but not in old world monkeys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the orangutans? |
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Definition
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Term
| a diet composed mainly of fruit is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the four sub-fields of anthropology? |
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Definition
1) Biological or physical anthropology
2) Archaeology
3) Socio-cultural anthropology
4) Anthropological linguistics. |
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Term
| What does biological or physical anthropology include? |
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Definition
| it convern primarily with the biological diversity of humans, their ancestors, and closely related primates. |
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Term
| What does archareology include? |
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Definition
| it includes the study of past human cultures, primarily through their material remains. |
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Term
| What does socio-cultural anthropology include? |
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Definition
| it has concern with the study of recent or contemporary cultures. |
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Term
| What does anthropological linguistics include? |
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Definition
| it includes anthropological studies of languages. |
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Term
| Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection? |
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Definition
| A British naturalist, Charles Darwin. |
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Term
| What is Charles Darwin's theory on evolution? |
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Definition
| different species developed one from another over long periods of time. |
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Term
| what did Carolus Linnaeus come up with? |
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Definition
| he created a system for naming, ranking ,and classifying organisms. |
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Term
| what three conditions or principles does natural selection operate on? |
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Definition
| variation, heritability, and differential reproductive success. |
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Term
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Definition
| every species is composed of a great variety of individuals some of which are better adapted to their evironment than others. the existence of variety is importatnt, without it, natural selection has nothing on which to operate. |
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Term
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Definition
| offspring inherit traits from their parents, at least to some degree and in some way. |
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Term
| What is it called when evolutionary process through factors in the environment exert pressure that favours individuals over others to produce the next generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of natural selection? |
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Definition
1)moths and how darker coloured wings have a better survival change than lighter coloured wings.
2) drug resistant diseases gobally.
3) the house flies and how they're resistant to DDT (and insecticide)
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Term
| What is Lennaeus' system of classification? |
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Definition
- Hierarchical
-class: mammalia
-Order: primates
-Family: hominid
-Bionomial system
-Genus species
-Homo sapiens
-How he made the system
-body structure
-body function
-sequence of bodily growth
-genetics |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Majority of mutations are occur beacuase of errors in the chemical base. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic drift refers to various random processes that affect gene frequencies in small, relatively isolated populations. One variation of genetic drift, called founder effect, occurs when a small group recently derived from a larger population migrates to a relatively isolated location. |
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Term
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Definition
| gene flow is the process whereby genes pass from one population to anther through mating and reproduction. |
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Term
| What is directional selection? |
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Definition
| a type of natural selection that increases the frequency of a trait. |
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Term
| what is normalizing selection? |
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Definition
| it is the type of natural selection that removes harmful genes that arose by mutation |
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Term
| what is balancing selection? |
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Definition
| a type of selection that occurs when a heterozygous combination is disfavoured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impermanent physiological changes that people make when they encounter a new environment. |
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Term
| what is the Bergmann's rule? |
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Definition
| the rule is that smaller-sized subpopulations of a species inhabit the warmer parts of its geographical range and larger-sized subpopulations inhabit the cooler areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rule that protruding body parts (mostly legs and arms) are relatively shorter in the cooler aread of a species than in warmer areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rule that populations of birds and mammals living in warm, hunid climates have more melanin (and therefore darker skin, fur, or feathers) than population of the same species living in cooler drier areas. |
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Term
| what are the advantages of having dark skin? |
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Definition
| melanin protects the sensitive inner layers of the skin from the sun's damaging UV. Also greater resistance to tropical diseases. |
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Term
| what are the advantages of light coloured skin? |
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Definition
| it absorbs and facilitates the body's production of vitamin D, this helps the body incorperate calcium and this is necessary for bones. Light skinned people are also less subspetive to frostbite. |
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Term
| What is lactase Deficiency? |
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Definition
| it is when a person without lactase cannot digest milk properly and drinking it may cause bloating, cramps, stomach gas, and diarrhea. |
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Term
| What are some adaptation properties when people live in higher altitudes? |
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Definition
| oxygen constitutes of 21% of the air we breathe at sea level. At high altitudes, the percentage of oxygen in the air is the same, but because the barometric pressure is lower, we take less oxygen with each breath. |
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Term
| What is sickle-cell anemia? |
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Definition
| it is an abnormality of the red blood cells. the red blood cells assume a crescent shape when deprived of oxygen. the odd shaped blood cells don't move through this body as readily causing damage to internal organs. |
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Term
| what class do primates belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some common traits in primates? |
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Definition
- they belong to the mammalia class.
- all warm blooded
- all or most have fur or hair.
- all mammals will have fur or hair.
- the young depends on adult for an extended period time.
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Term
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Definition
| possessing two identical genes or alleles in corresponding locations on a pair of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| possessing differing genes or alleles in corresponding location on a pair of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the total complement of inherited tairs or genes of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the obdervable physical appearance of an organism, which may not relfect its genotype o total genetic constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| one member og a pair of genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is cellular reprofection or growth involving th eduplication of chromosome pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the creation of a viable offspring from the mating of two different species. |
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Term
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Definition
| adapted for grasping objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| the teeth immediately behind the canines. |
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Term
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Definition
| litterally "premokeys", one of the two sub-orders of primates. This includes lemurs, lorises and tarsiers. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two suborders of primates; they include monkeys, apes, and humans. |
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Term
| what does nocturnal mean? |
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Definition
| things that are active during the night. |
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Term
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Definition
| they are lemurs and lorises. |
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Term
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Definition
| tarsiers and anthropoids. |
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Term
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Definition
- broad flat-bridged noses
- nostrils facing outward
- found in the New World (Central and South America).
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Term
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Definition
- narrow noses
- nostrils facing downward
- found in Old World (Africa, Asia, and Europe)
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Term
| what is another word for cercopthecoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some properties of old world monkeys? |
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Definition
- more closely related to humans
- they have the same dental formula
- the live in a greater variety of habitats.
- live both in trees and on the ground
- two major subfamilies of old world monkeys
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Term
| what does the colobine group include? |
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Definition
- include Asian langurs, African colobus and several other asian species.
- they live mostly in trees
- diet consist of leaves and seeds
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Term
| what does the cercopithecine include? |
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Definition
- found mainly in Africa
- they include more terrestrial species
- sexual dimporphism applies to them a lot.
- male are larger and dominant
- more capable of suviving
- they have ischial callosites (butt pads)
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Term
| what is the mandibular dental formula? |
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Definition
| 2~1~3~3 (Incisors, canines, premolars, molars) |
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Term
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Definition
| they're the group of catarrhines that include both apes and humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| the family of hominoids that includes gibbons and siamangs; often reffered to as the lesser apes. |
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Term
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Definition
| hominoids whose members include both the living and extinct apes. |
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Term
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Definition
| they're animals that move through the trees by swinging hand over hand from branch to branch. |
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Term
| what is the maxillary dental formula? |
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Definition
| 2~1~3~3 (Incisors, canines, premolars, molars) |
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Term
| What are the two groups of prosimians? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the human dental formula? |
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Definition
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