Term
| Leading cause of chronic illness and deaths of children in the developing world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major groups of parasites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| single cell eukaryotic organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| worms (more evolved eukaryotics) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common, the way you treat depends on what species of Plasmodium you have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Entamoeba histolytica (Causes dysentery) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outbreaks particularly in rural communities, function of failure of adequoate treatment of water or contamination of drinking water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one type of vaginitis. Due to an infection essentially 3 pathogens (bacteria, fungal, or this one!) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protozoa exist in two forms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vegetative, potentially invasive form (metabolically most active) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transmitted form, not metabolically active, more environmentally resistant; get this by consuming parasite like from water, etc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| situation in which the parasite moves from outside the body into inside the body carried out by a trophozoite form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDs |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystosis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, isosporiasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one consumes cyst through contaminated food/water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingestion of dormant cysts; doesn't have an invasive form; only luminal phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one life cycle mediated in non-human hosts; separate life cycle when they invade human host |
|
|
Term
| inactivates protozoal proteins and enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| well tolerated, use with tissue-active agent (metronidazole) |
|
Definition
| lumen-active antiprotozoal in amebiasis |
|
|
Term
| transfer halogens to proteins selectively in parasites- covalently modify/deactivate these proteins; commonly used to treat dysentery in amebiasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transfers chlorides instead of iodides; not commercially available |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reductively activated to free radical; antibacterial and antiprotozoan agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 99% will be for treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
| Metronidazole spectrum of activity |
|
Definition
| DOC in trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and invasive emebiasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark urine, N/V/D, metallic taste |
|
|
Term
| do not consume this while taking metronidazole! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common life-threatening infection (not the same as the most "deadly" life threatening infection) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species of malaria that infect humans |
|
Definition
| P. falciparum (90%), P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale |
|
|
Term
| stages in plasmodial lifecycle (malaria) |
|
Definition
| Exo-erythrocytic (hepatic) stage; ertocytic stage (clinical); sporogonic stage |
|
|
Term
| asymptomatic stage (where the parasite is typically in the liver) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical stage (in red blood cell) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sexual reproduction in mosquito (not something controlled with drugs, in the mosquito) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| species that invade hepatic cells and enter a stage in their cycle where they congregate in massive numbers in the host, reproduce intracellularly, and eventually decide to leave and cause disease in the RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do not leave the liver but sleep in the liver (dormant phase) |
|
Definition
| plasmodia ovale and vivax |
|
|
Term
| prevents symtpoms of malaria, Primaquine for P. vivax and P. ovale; Proguanil and pyrimethamine for P. falciparun |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eradicates parasites in circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibits plasmodial detoxification of hemoglobin breakdown products by heme polymerase (accumulation of highly toxic ferric heme) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as a group, generally poor safety profiles |
|
|
Term
| poor and erratic bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility (hydrophilic semi-synthetic derivatives engineered) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| combination with sulfadoxine (+/- quinine) in short-course treatment of drug-resistant falciparum malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
