Term
| what are the 3 steps of antimicrobial therapy? |
|
Definition
1. All orders should have- dose, duration & indication
2. All orders should include micro. Request for labs
3. 24-48 hrs post lab eval., take an “antibiotic timeout” to assess efficacy & appropriateness of used antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| what is selective toxicity in reference to antimicrobial therapy? |
|
Definition
| ability to suppress or kill an infecting microbe without injury to the host (safe for humans) |
|
|
Term
| three forms of penicillin G |
|
Definition
1---Penicillin G aqueous --- given IV or IM. Gastric acid destroys it so not given PO. The PO form is penicillin V (Pen-Vee K).
2---penicillin G benzathine is ONLY given IM.
3---penicillin G procaine is only given IM. This is the very viscous one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first antibiotic introduce by fleming penicillium molds in 1929
effective for many type of microbs
called beta-lactam anitbiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infections caused by susceptible gram-positive basteria |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| highly protein bound!!! excreted in the kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
contra/precautions |
|
Definition
| knowns ALLERGIES to penicillin, cephalosporins, or imipenem (cross allergies) |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
Adverse effects |
|
Definition
GI upset- can be given with a little bit of food if stomach upset occurs
rash
fever
wheezing
possibly anaphylaxis and death |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and probenecid- enhance penicillin |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
health status |
|
Definition
assess health history and ALLEGIES!!!
wheres your epi-pen????? |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
life span and gender |
|
Definition
| drug contracts the effects of an oral contraceptive! |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
lifestyle, diet, habits |
|
Definition
| administer drug around the clock!!!! |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
nursing dx and outcomes |
|
Definition
risk for injury r/t drug-related allergic reactions
--the pt will recognize the symptoms of allergy and contact the prescriber immediately!
imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements r/t drug induced GI effects
--pt will??? |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
review culture and sensitivity reports to make sure that penicillin G is appropriate for pts
therapy should continue for 7-10 days at least |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
provide small, frequent meals, mouth care, and ice chips
notify the prescriber if substantial change develops in the intake-output ratio
stress the importance of completingt the full course
need to take exactly as prescribed at evenly spaced intervals |
|
|
Term
penicillin G
ongoing assessment and evaluations |
|
Definition
| monitor for signs of allergic reaction and for resolution of the presenting symptoms of infections |
|
|
Term
monobactams
aztreonam (Azactam) |
|
Definition
gram neg bacteria
little cross sensitivity with PCN allergy but still watch out
parenteral- watch IV site! |
|
|
Term
carbapenems
cilastatin-impenem (Primaxin) |
|
Definition
| precautions in head trauma, brain lesions, seizures- increase risk of sz risk |
|
|
Term
ertapenem (Invanz)
indications |
|
Definition
| intra-abdominal infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slight decrease risk of sz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of many types of infections |
|
|
Term
cefazolin
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| administered IM or IV (pre-surgicial antibiotic) peak 1.5-2 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds with PBP's (?) which disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
cefazolin
contra/precautions |
|
Definition
| known allergy to cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maculopapular rash (in the skin but not necessarily an allergy), GI symptoms (can be given with food), headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesia, and nephrotocicity (watch renal fx and output!) |
|
|
Term
cefazolin
drug interactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assess history and allergies |
|
|
Term
cefazolin
lifespan and gender |
|
Definition
| assess for pregnancy and lactation |
|
|
Term
cefazolin
lifestyle, diet, habits |
|
Definition
| assess lifestyle to ensure ability to comply with therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
use ONLY when other antibiotics fail (do not want to build up resistant bacteria)
produces lots of toxic effects- renal, hepatic, and ear ringing
gram-postivie pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treating bacterial septicemia, endocardidits, bone and joint infections |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
pharamacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral (usually for c. diff) or IV
excreted in the kidneys and feces
peak 1 hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits cell wall synthesis by altering the cell's permeability |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
contra/precautions |
|
Definition
| hypersensitivy and pregnancy |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| ototoxiity and nephrotoxicity (change in output) |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| antihyperlipidemic drugs and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assess for contraindications to therapy |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
lifespan and gender |
|
Definition
| assess pregnancy and lactation status |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
ensure that the pt receives the full course of vancomycin as prescribed
culture and sensitivity results should be monitored |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
administer vancomycin over at least 250 mL over 60 mins
assess the IV site frequently for signs of phlebitis |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
pt and family teaching |
|
Definition
advise the pt of the importance of completeing therapy
explain the potential adverse effects and need for periodic blood monitoring |
|
|
Term
vancomycin
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
monitor for signs of ototoxicity
for pts receiving long-term or high-dose therapy, coordinate periodic audiometric testing and lab tests |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: gen info |
|
Definition
can cause serious injury to inner ear and kidney
narrow spectrum antibiotic!!!!
must monitor peak and trough levels |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: used for |
|
Definition
| aerobic gram-negative bacilli |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: MOA |
|
Definition
| affects protein synthesis in bacteria- transcription and translation |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: adverse effects |
|
Definition
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypersensitiviy reactions
neuromuscular blockage |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: drug interaction |
|
Definition
| acyclovir, amphotericin B, cephalothin, cisplatin, cyclosporine, loop diuretics, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, and vancomycin |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
make sure pts receive the full course of prescribed at around the clock interverals
do not give at the same time as extended penicillin |
|
|
Term
aminoglycosides
gentamicin: min therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
maintian blood levels of gentamicin within a therapeutic margin that is very narrow
monitor for signs of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): used for |
|
Definition
| aerobic gram-pos cocci and several anareobic gram-neg and gram-pos organisms |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| varies with route of administration, metabolized in the liver, excreted in the bile and urine |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): contra/precautions |
|
Definition
| hypersensitivity and pregnancy and lactation |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): adverse effects |
|
Definition
if they get diarrhea you probably killed off all normal bacteria
pseudomembranous colitis, maculopapular rash, erythema, pruritus |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): drug interactions |
|
Definition
| neuromuscular blockers, aluminum salts, cyclosporine, benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin and salicylic acid |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| make sure that the patients receives the full course of clindamycin as prescribed |
|
|
Term
Lincosamides
clindamycin (Cleocin): min adverse effects |
|
Definition
clindamycin should be administered on an empty stomach with a full glass of water
report diarrhea to the provider immediately |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: used for? |
|
Definition
| treating Legionnaire diseas, mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (erythomycin works on bacteria that does NOT have a cell wall), diphtheria, chlamydial infections and chancroid |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
drug is easily inactived by gastric acid
peak 1-4 hours
metabolized in the liver
excreted in the urine or bile
IV- reconstituted with sterile water |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: MOA |
|
Definition
| inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: contra/precautions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| gi symptoms (give them food), urticaria, maculopapular rash, erythema, and interstitial nephritis |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: drug interaction |
|
Definition
| astemizole and terafenadine |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
reconstitute erythromycin with sterile water only
prepared infusion solutions that are stored at room temp must be used within 8 hours |
|
|
Term
macrolide antibiotics
erythromycin: min adverse effects |
|
Definition
| because erythromycin can be very irritating to veins, it is important to adminsiter IV infusions over 30 to 60 mins |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): used for |
|
Definition
| treatment of VRE and MRSA |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
administered oral and IV
metabolized in liver
excreted in the kidneys |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): MOA |
|
Definition
| blocking the early stages of the process bacteria use to make proteins |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): contra/precautions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): adverse effects |
|
Definition
| diarrhea (killing normal flora), headache, nausea, and vomiting |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): drug interactions |
|
Definition
| adrenergic and serotonergic agents |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| administer at evenly spaced intervals |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): min adverse effects |
|
Definition
to avoid hypertensive crisis, monitor the pts intake of food or beverages containing tyramine, caffeine or alcohol
serial blood pressure readings should be obtained throughout therapy |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): pt and family teaching |
|
Definition
explain dietry restricitions, focusing on food or beverages containing tyramine, caffeine or alcohol
teach pts the signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia and pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
Oxazolidinones
linezolid (Zyvox): ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor for efficacy of treatment and resolution of the presenting infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rickettsia species, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia trachomatis |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral
excreted in the kidneys
needs to be given 1 hr before means or 2 hours after meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits or retard the growth of bacteria but do not kill them |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: contra/precautions |
|
Definition
allergy, pregnancy, or lactation
not used in children <8 yrs (can effect teeth causing graying of enamel) |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| GI upset, photosensitivity and rash |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: drug interactions |
|
Definition
| penicillin G, aluminum, bismuth, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc salts |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| to max absorption, oral prepartaions should be administered on an empty stomach either 1 hour before or 2 hours after any meals or other drugs |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: min adverse effects |
|
Definition
monitor the pt to ensure that adequate fluids are given to replace fluid lost with diarrhea
wear protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: pt and family education |
|
Definition
advise women of childbearing age that tetracycline should not be taken during pregnancy or breast-feeding
advise pts to take tetracycline on an empty stomach |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor renal status to detect and prevent hepatotoxicity and to observe for any signs of superinfection |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): what do the 4 generations treat? |
|
Definition
1st- used only to treat uncomplicated UTI
2nd- have increased gram-neg and systemic activity
3rd- have extended activity against gram-pos pathogen
4th- have extended activity against pseudomonas (green stuff comes out) |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): used for |
|
Definition
| active against aerobic gram-negative organsims |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral, parenteral and topical
metabolized in the liver
excreted in the urine and feces |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): MOA |
|
Definition
| inhibits DNA gyrase, an enzyme needed for bacteria DNA replication |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): contra/precaution |
|
Definition
| allergy, pregnancy, and lactation |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): adverse effects |
|
Definition
| arthropathy (joint pain, sometimes does not go away), GI upset (can give with food), headache, and restlessness |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): drug interactions |
|
Definition
| many potential drug-drug interactions due to metabolism |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| coordination the administration of drugs to decrease potential drug-drug interactions |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): min adverse effects |
|
Definition
| institute safety measures to protect the patients if CNS effects occur. For pts with adverse GI effects, provide small, frequent meals as tolerated |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): pt and family ed |
|
Definition
it is important to explain that cirpofloxacin is prescribed for a particular infection
it is important to instruct patients to complete the full course of drug therapy, even when they feel better |
|
|
Term
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro): ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| due to the possibility for overgrowth of candidal organisms with ciprofloxacin therapy, monitor pts closely during treatment |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): used fo |
|
Definition
| uncomplicated UTIs and systemic infections |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
administered oral
metabolism in liver
peak in 4 hours |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): MOA |
|
Definition
| interferes with the synthesis of folic acid |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): contra/precautions |
|
Definition
| hypersensitivity, deficiency of G6PD or folate |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): adverse effects |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematologic effects, allergic reactions and crystalluira |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): drug interactions |
|
Definition
| interacts with other protein-bound drugs |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal with a full glass of water to enhance the absorption of the drug |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): min adverse effects |
|
Definition
administer witha f ull glass of water
fluid intake should increase by 1.5L/day |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): pt and family ed |
|
Definition
teach pts the optimal way to take
teach interventions to decrease the risk for adverse effects |
|
|
Term
sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra): ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor pt for signs of hematolgic dysfunction, such as a sore throat, fever, bruising, bleeding |
|
|
Term
| nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin, Macrobid) |
|
Definition
UTI drug
interefers with several bacterial enzyme systems
not an effective systemic drug bc it is rapidly excreted by the kidneys
contraindicated in pts with renal impairment |
|
|
Term
urinary tract analgesic
phenazopyridine (Pyridium) |
|
Definition
does not have antibacterial activity
excreted in urine where it exerts a topical analgesic effect
for the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, frequency and urgency
contra for pts with known hypersensitivity or renal insufficiency
orange pee!!!!!!!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to treat or prevent TB |
|
|
Term
isoniazid (INH)
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral or IM
metabolized in the liver
excreted in the urine and feces
peak 12 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disrupts the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall |
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
contra/precautions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| antiseziure drugs, alcohol, aluminum-based antacids, benzodiazepines, disulfiram, enflurane, ketoconazole, meperidine, warfarin, and raifampin |
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
max therapeutic effect |
|
Definition
| administered INH to the pt with an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals to increase absorption |
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
| advise pts to report any of the prodromal symptoms of hepatitis, including anorexia, malaise, fatigue, jaundice, or nausea |
|
|
Term
izoniazid (INH)
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor for signs of adverse effects, especially hepatitis |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
used for |
|
Definition
| treat progressive and potentially fatal systemic fungal or protozoal infections |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
IV or oral
metabolism in unknown
t 1/2- 24 hours |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
MOA |
|
Definition
| binds to sterols in fungal cell membranes |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
contra and precautions |
|
Definition
| preexisting anemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicitym hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia, and hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| antineoplastic agent, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| to reduce the potential for infusion reactions, flucytosine may be prescribed concurrently to decrease the dosage of amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
be prepared for the possibility of an infusion reaction
administer amphotericin B in central line |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
pt and family education |
|
Definition
describe and explain the possibility of an infusion reation
another important area to discuss with pts and family is the importance of an accurate fluid intake and output record |
|
|
Term
amphotericin B (Fungizone)
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| during the first dose of amphotericin B, take vital signs every 15 mins. evaluate for possible infusion reactions |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
used for |
|
Definition
candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis
can treat simple vaginal yeast infection with 1 oral dose |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral or IV
excreted by the kidneys
peak 1-2 hours |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
MOA |
|
Definition
| inhibits synthesis of ergosterol, an enzyme that is an essential componenet of the fungal membrane |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
contra and precautions |
|
Definition
| no absolute contraindications exist to fluconazole |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, rash, and dizziness |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| many drug-drug interactions are possible due to the metabolism of the drug |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| admisister fluconazole in evenly divided internals throughout the day |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
min therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| carefully screen pts for pre-exisiting disorders, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
pt and family teaching |
|
Definition
explain that fluconazole is prescribed for a particular infection and should not be used to self-medicate or treat any other infection
remind pts of the importance of remaining well hydrated |
|
|
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor the effectiveness of therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
for candidiasis (thrush)
"swish and swallow" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topical or oral
contra in renal or liver disease
monitor LFT's with oral |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
used for? |
|
Definition
| treatment of herpes viruses |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| undergoes phosphorylation. in an infected cell, it is converted by the viral enzyme thymidine kinase. once incorporated into the virus, it terminates DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
contra and precautions |
|
Definition
| use caution in pts with ganciclovir hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| lightheadedness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| valproic acid, hydantoins, theophyllines, and probenecid |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| with a full glass of water with or without food |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
advise the pt to drink at least eight 8-oz fluid glass of water a day
administer IV acyclovir over 60 min |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
pt and family ed |
|
Definition
advise pt to notify the prescriber if they are pregnant or breast-feeding.
emphasize that acyclovir does not prevent the transmission of infection to another person and does not cure the infection |
|
|
Term
acyclovir (Zovirax)
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| monitor for the effectiveness of therapy, making sure to document new lesions and assess for possible secondary bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
used for |
|
Definition
| the treatment of trichomoniasis, amebiasis, and giardiasis |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral, IV and topically
metabolized in the liver |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
MOA |
|
Definition
| acts against anaerobic bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
contra/precautions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
adverse effects |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, altered sense of taste (dysgeusia), anorexia and abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
drug interactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
max therapeutic effects |
|
Definition
| to avoid reinfection, pts being treated for trichomonas infection need to understand the their sexual partners must be treated too |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
min adverse effects |
|
Definition
| emphasize the importance of potential adverse effects resulting from the interation of ethanol and metronidazole |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
pt and family education |
|
Definition
create teaching plans that focus on explaining the potential adverse effects
discuss the importance of refraining from ethanol or disulfiram use during therapy |
|
|
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
ongoing assessment and evaluation |
|
Definition
| when administering IV metronidazole, monitor for thrombophlebitis and signs of edema or CHF |
|
|
