Term
| classes of antiinfective drugs |
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Definition
Aminocyclitols
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
macrolides
penicillins
tetracyclines
lincosamides
quinolines
sulfonamides
Antibacterials
Antifungals
Antivirals
Disinfectants/antiseptics |
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Term
| belong to a class of drugs that are sugar-derived and that demonstrate important biologic value.irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| beta-lactam antibiotics with a wide range of antibacterial activity. inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, and they are usually bactericidal. |
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Definition
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Term
| broad-spectrum, semisynthetic antibiotics |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibit protein synthesis by penetrating the cell wall and binding to the 50S ribosomes subunits in susceptiblebacteria. Many of them are considered bacteriostatic antibiotics. They have a broad spectrum of activity.The majority of these drugs are excreted from the body in the bile. |
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Definition
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Term
| bactericidal against susceptible bacteria. It acts by inhibiting mucopeptide synthesis in the cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| usually act as time-dependent antibiotics and inhibit protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunit. generally considered to be bacteriostatic antibiotics. |
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Definition
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Term
| antibiotics are broad-spectrum antibiotics that have activity against anaerobes, gram-positive aerobic cocci and toxoplasma parasites, among others |
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Definition
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Term
| bactericidal agents. prevents DNA supercoiling and DNA synthesis. These agents have activity against many gram-negative bacilli and cocci. |
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Definition
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Term
| are bacteriostatic agents when used alone. It is thought that they prevent bacterial replication by interfering with folic acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| types of disinfectants/ antiseptics |
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Definition
| Biguanide compounds, chlorines, iodines, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds: cationic detergents, soaps, mercury compounds, alkalis, hydrogen peroxide, glutaraldehyde |
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Term
| stains to identify bacteria |
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Definition
gram stain
acid fast stain
gimenez stain
Wright's stain |
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Term
| kills microorganisms or suppresses multiplication or growth |
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Definition
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Term
| had the ability to inhibit growth or kill microorganisms. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
penicillins
cephalosporin
Aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones |
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Term
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Definition
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
sulfonamides |
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Term
| areas of lack of bacterial growth in vitro |
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Definition
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Term
| how susceptible an organism is to a drug |
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Definition
| minimum inhibitory concentation |
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Term
| antimicrobial fundamentals |
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Definition
avoid in mild infection
use if risk if severe infection
still use asepsis
only use if diagnosis is definitive (no guessing)
don't use broad spectrum unless necessary
finish meds, use full therapeutic doses
use topical when indicated, not systemic
withdrawal times in food animal |
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Term
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Definition
| bind to ergosterol (plant version of cholesterol) |
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Term
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Definition
| can bind to cholesterol. check BW periodically (liver and kidney) |
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Term
| kill or inhibit growth of microbes on living tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| kill or inhibit growth of microbes on inanimate surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| time needed for agent to yield desired effect |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effects of aminoglycosides |
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Definition
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Term
| apramycin is contraindicated in |
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Definition
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Term
| cats are sensitive to vestibular effects if this antibiotic |
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Definition
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Term
| tobramycin adverse effects |
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Definition
| increased liver enzymes, lethargy, dermatologic effects, aggressiveness, sulfur odor to the urine, or myopathy |
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Term
| interfere with bacteria protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits |
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Definition
aminocyclitols/ aminoglycosides
macrolides
tetracyclines |
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Term
| adverse affects of carbapanems |
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Definition
| Gastrointestinal (GI) problems such as vomiting, anorexia, and diarrhea may be seen along with central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, pruritus, and anaphylaxis. It may cause seizures if the IV dose is given too rapidly. pain with inject. |
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Term
| adverse effects of cephalosporins |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity, GI effects, the potential for nephrotoxicity, elevated liver enzymes, and tachypnea, fever, lymphadenopathy, pain with inj |
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Term
| spectrum of 4 cephalosporin categories |
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Definition
1) fair activity against gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against gram-negative bacteria; the drugs show poor activity against Pseudomonas
2) This group has high activity against Enterobacteriaceae.
3) This group has high activity against Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria.
4) This group is resistant to β-lactamase |
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Term
| may be used in the treatment of gram-negative infections in reptiles. |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effect of macrolides |
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Definition
| GI signs, redness of cat ears, rectal prolapse and edema of swine, allergic rxn, pain w/ injection |
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Term
| adverse effects of penicillins |
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Definition
| allergy, neurotoxicity, elevated liver enzymes, thrombophlebitis is IV, pain with injection, platelet abnormalities, caution in renal patients |
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Term
| adverse effects of tetracyclines |
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Definition
increased BUN level and hepatotoxicity, microflora depression in ruminants, GI signs, anorexia, uroliths in dogs,
doxycycline, esophagal structures in cats |
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Term
| causes esophageal stricture in cats |
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Definition
| doxycycline and clindamycin |
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Term
| lincosamides contraindicated in what animals |
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Definition
| Horses, rodents, ruminants, and lagomorphs |
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Term
| adverse effects of lincosamides |
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Definition
GI upset, hypersalivation/ lip smacking, inj pain,
if given IV rapidly, hypotension cardiopulmonary arrest
esophageal structures in cats - clindamycin |
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Term
| lethal to humans, swine and horses |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effects of quinolines |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity, cartilage abnormalities (don't use in growing animal), tissue irritation, seizure disorders, hepatic or renal insufficiency, dehydration, crystalluria, |
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Term
| contraindications for quinolines |
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Definition
| growing animals, renal insufficiency, dehydration |
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Term
| adverse effects of sulfonamides |
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Definition
| may precipitate in the urine, cause keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs, bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity reactions, focal retinitis, fever, vomiting, hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, GI upset, urticaria, facial swelling, polydipsia, crystalluria, hematuria, polyuria, cholestasis, hypothyroidism, anemias, agranulocytosis, idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis in dogs, non-septic polyarthritis, renal tubule obstruction, potentially teratogenic. IV injection given rapidly may cause muscle weakness, blindness, ataxia, and collapse. SC or IM tissue irritation. |
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Term
| In humans, known side effects include colitis, pain or swelling after IM injection, and phlebitis after IV administration. |
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Definition
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Term
| may cause aplastic anemia in humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effects Clofazimine |
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Definition
GI upset and skin, eye, and excretion discoloration.
is a dye. |
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Term
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Definition
| may cause hepatotoxicity, dose-dependent methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenias, GI disturbance, neuropathies, cutaneous drug eruptions, and photosensitivity. possibly be a carcinogen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| florfenicol adverse reactions |
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Definition
| anorexia, decreased water consumption, and diarrhea. Reactions may be severe if injected at sites other than the neck. Anaphylaxis and collapse have been reported in cattle. |
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Term
| for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections in dogs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| used for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| used for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effects of metronidazole |
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Definition
| neurologic disorders, lethargy, weakness, neutropenias, hepatotoxicity, hematuria, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In horses, there have been reported cases of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens diarrhea and death after the use |
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Term
| these two drugs are used in dry dairy cattle as a mastitis tube. |
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Definition
| novobiocin and penicillin g |
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Term
| treatment of actinobacillosis and actinomycosis in cattle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic use may cause iodism |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of R. equi infections in young horses. In small animals, it may be used in conjunction with antifungal agents in the treatment of histoplasmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of R. equi infections in young horses. In small animals, it may be used in conjunction with antifungal agents in the treatment of histoplasmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| treating anaerobic infections, particularly those associated with dental problems, has some antiprotozoal effects, and may be used in the treatment of giardiasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRSA). |
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Definition
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Term
| intrauterine infusion in mares and for intraarticular injection in foals to treat septic arthritis. |
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Definition
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Term
| treat bacterial enteritis, colibacillosis, and salmonellosis in pigs, calves, and poultr |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of serious gram-negative infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| use topically is mainly for the skin, eyes, and ears; orally, it is used to treat enteric infections, reduce microbe numbers in the colon before surgery, and reduce ammonia-producing bacteria in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. |
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Definition
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Term
| used for the prevention of cystine urolithiasis in patients that show no improvement after the use of dietary therapy combined with urinary alkalinization. |
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Definition
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Term
| useful in treating gram-negative bacterial infections and works well in the place of aminoglycosides when they should not be used. |
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Definition
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Term
| useful in equine or small animal medicine to treat serious infections when less expensive antibiotics perform poorly. |
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Definition
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Term
| useful in treating resistant gram-negative bacterial infections, especially when aminoglycosides may pose a risk |
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Definition
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Term
| used to treat infections that are resistant to first-generation cephalosporins |
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Definition
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Term
| treating infections of the skin, soft tissue, and genitourinary tract in dogs and cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| used for surgical prophylaxis |
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Definition
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Term
| treating serious infections in dogs or foals when aminoglycosides are contraindicated. |
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Definition
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Term
| treat skin infections in dogs and in cats to treat wounds and abscesses. |
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Definition
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Term
| used in swine for the treatment of respiratory disease. It is used in cattle for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), shipping fever, and pneumonia. In dairy cattle, it is used for the treatment of subclinical mastitis. |
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Definition
| Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid |
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Term
| used in cattle for the treatment of respiratory disease and acute interdigital necrobacillosis. It is used in swine for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. In sheep and goats, it is used for the treatment of pneumonia. In horses, it is used for the treatment of respiratory infections. It is used in dogs for the treatment of urinary tract infections and is used in chicks and poults for the control of early mortality. |
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Definition
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Term
| treating Lyme disease and serious infections |
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Definition
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Term
| It has been used to treat dogs, cats, horses, rabbits, ferrets, and birds that are infected with Staphylococcus. |
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Definition
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Term
| intramammary product is for the treatment of mastitis |
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Definition
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Term
| broad-spectrum agent. It may be used to treat Bordetella in canines. |
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Definition
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Term
| treat Helicobacter spp. infections in cats and ferrets. It is useful in treating Rhodococcus equi infections in foals. |
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Definition
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Term
| treat infections in swine, sheep, and cattle. It may be used to treat esophageal reflux in dogs and cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| used in non-lactating dairy cattle to treat upper respiratory infections, bovine foot rot, and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| sometimes used to treat chronic colitis in small animals. Tylosin is commonly used in cattle and swine for treating infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| reasonable choice for treating abscesses in cats even before culture and susceptibility results are available. |
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Definition
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Term
| acts by irreversibly bonding to beta-lactamases and penicillinases produced by bacterial agents. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue infections in dogs and cats. It can also be used for treatment of canine periodontal disease, bacterial cystitis in female dogs, and hepatobiliary infections in dogs or cats (sometimes with a fluoroquinolone as an adjunct). |
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Definition
| Amoxicillin/Clavulanate(clavamox) |
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Term
| parenterally against beta-lactamase–producing bacterial strains of otherwise resistant bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| intramammary infusions in dry and lactating dairy cattle. It is important to adhere to milk withdrawal times when using this drug. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of bone, skin, and other soft tissue infections in small animals. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pen v is more readily absorbed po |
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Term
| good choice to use until results of culture and sensitivity testing are returned. |
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Definition
| Piperacillin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam |
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Term
| used for serious systemic infections and works well when compounded and used as an otic preparation for Pseudomonas otitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| have activity against most mycoplasma, spirochetes (including the Lyme disease organism), chlamydia, and rickettsia. With regard to gram-positive bacteria, have activity against some strains of staphylococci and streptococci, but the resistance of these organisms is on the rise have antiinflammatory and immunomodulating effects. They can suppress antibody production and chemotaxis of neutrophils and inhibit lipases, collagenases, prostaglandin synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| used mostly in water or feed treatments or topically for ophthalmic use. |
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Definition
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Term
| commonly used in small animals to treat Borrelia, leptospira, rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycoplasma, bartonella, and bordetella. used in dogs as an oral application for the prevention/treatment of periodontal disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of brucellosis, especially when used in conjunction with aminoglycosides. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| used to treat wounds, abscesses, and osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It may also be used to treat toxoplasmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| use in dogs, cats, swine, and in combination with other agents for chickens. It is used to provide treatment against anaerobes, gram-positive aerobic cocci, and toxoplasma parasites. |
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Definition
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Term
| intramammary infusion for dairy cattle. |
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Definition
Pirlimycin
cephapirin
cloxacillin |
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Term
| used in the treatment of bovine or ovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica. It is also used in cattle, sheep, and rabbits, and it can be used in swine as a medicated feed agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| one of the metabolites of enrofloxacin. |
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Definition
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Term
| for use in cattle (not dairy or veal) to treat BRD. It can be used in cattle by administering two injections SC 48 hours apart. |
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Definition
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Term
| not effective against anaerobes. It is somewhat contraindicated in growing animals because it may cause cartilage abnormalities. It is approved for use in cattle (not calves) |
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Definition
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Term
| dogs and cats primarily in Europe. This drug is not available in the United States. It is labeled for treating dermal infections, deep pyoderma, wounds, abscesses, and upper respiratory tract infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| These agents have activity against many gram-negative bacilli and cocci. They have variable activity against most streptococci, so they are not usually recommended for these infections. Bacterial resistance is a concern. |
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Definition
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Term
| can help in the treatment of susceptible gram-negative infections in horses. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of diarrhea in calves caused by Escherichia coli in those patients younger than 1 month. It is used to treat colibacillosis in swine. |
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Definition
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Term
| effective for treating prostate infections and for infections caused by many strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. |
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Definition
| Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim |
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Term
| use in dogs and cats for respiratory, genitourinary, enteric, and soft tissue infections. It is used in the treatment of coccidiosis in dogs, but the use of this drug is not FDA-approved for this indication. Sulfadimethoxine is used in horses to treat Streptococcus equi. It is used in cattle to treat shipping fever complex, calf diphtheria, bacterial pneumonia, and foot rot. In poultry, sulfadimethoxine is added to drinking water to treat coccidiosis, fowl cholera, and infectious coryza. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in dogs caused by S. aureus and E. coli. |
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Definition
| Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim |
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