Term
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Definition
| The ability of a drug to injure invading microbes without injuring cells of the host. |
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Term
| Discuss the effective selection of the most effective antibiotic. |
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Definition
| When treating infection, the therapeutic objective is to produce maximal antimicrobial effects while causing minimal harm. |
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Term
| Name 3 principal factors in selecting the most appropriate antibiotic. |
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Definition
| (1) The identity of the infecting organism (2) drug sensitivity of the infecting organism and (3) host factors, such as the site of infection and the status of host defenses. |
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Term
| Why would one drug be preferred over another? |
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Definition
| greater efficacy, lower toxicity, or more narrow spectrum. |
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Term
| What two host factors are unique to the selection of antibiotics? |
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Definition
| host defenses and infection site. |
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Term
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Definition
| age, pregnancy, and previous drug interactions. |
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Term
| Appropriate indications for prophylactic antimicrobial treatment include... |
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Definition
| (1) certain surgeries, (2) neutropenia, (3) recurrent UTI's (4) patients at risk of bacterial endocarditis. (eg, those with prosthetic heart valves or congenital heart disease.) |
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Term
| Generally speaking, antibiotics should not be combined. However in some situations, combining would be appropriate. Name 4. |
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Definition
| (1) initial treatment of severe infections (2) infection with more than one organism. (3) treatment of tuberculosis (4) treatment of an infection in which combination therapy can greatly enhance antibacterial effects. |
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Term
| Name 4 common instances of misuse of antibiotics, including resistance. |
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Definition
| treatment of untreatable infections (eg, the common cold and most other acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (2) treatment of fever of unknown origin (except in the immunocompromised host) (3) treatment in the absence of adequate bacteriologic information and (4) treatment in the absence of appropriate surgical drainage. |
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Term
| There are two distinct types of MRSA, name them. |
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Definition
| (HA-MRSA) or hospital associated MRSA and (CA-MRSA) community associated MRSA |
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Term
| For HA-MRSA treatment, guidelines stress the importance of 3 different factors. Name them. |
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Definition
| selecting drugs based on the site of the infection, age of the patient, and drug sensitivity of the pathogen. |
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Term
| For complicated skin and soft tissue infections in adults, the preferred drugs are IV Vanco, linezolid(Zyvox), |
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Definition
| IV Vancomycin, linezolid (Zyvox), daptomycin(Cubicin), clindamycin. ....notice 3/4 end w/ the suffix -mycin NOT -ROmycin btw. |
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Term
| The preferred drug for children w/ complicated skin and soft tissue infections is. |
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Definition
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Term
| For bacteremia (the presence of bacteria in the blood) or endocarditis (an infection of the inner lining of the heart, chambers, and valves.) the drug of choice for adults or children are... |
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Definition
| IV vanco and daptomycin (Cubicin) |
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Term
| Preferred drugs for pneumonia in adults and children are |
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Definition
| IV Vancomycin, linezolid (Zyvox), and clindamycin. |
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Term
| What drug is used because it has activity against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant enterocci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA). For treatment of MRSA, this drug is at least as effective as vancomycin. |
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Definition
| Linezolid (Zyvox) ...a first-in-class oxazolidinone antibiotic. |
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Term
| Mnemonic used to help remember the 12 steps to prevent antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized adults. |
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Definition
| Voluptuous girls taking aerobics, practice using the ten kitchen spoons in bed. |
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Term
| 12 steps to prevent antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized adults |
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Definition
| 1. vaccinate 2. Get the catheters out 3. Target the pathogen 4. Access the experts 5. Practice antimicrobial control 6. Use local data 7. Treat infection, not contamination 8. Treat infection, not colonization 9. Know when to say no to vanco 10. Stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely. 11. Isolate the pathogen 12. Break the chain of contagion. |
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Term
| Therapeutic use of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim |
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Definition
| Not so much of a heavy hitter like your aminoglycosides but more like a blanket. Treats for everything from respiratory, gut issues, renal, bone infect. Broad spectrum antibiotic. |
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Term
| Side effects of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim |
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Definition
| REMEMBER TMS....Too much sun. TMS stands for Tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfanamides. Phototoxicity, Fatigue, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, crystalluria, toxic epidermal. |
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Term
| Patient teaching/ Sulfanamides |
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Definition
| Notify doc if rash, fever and diarrhea develop, especially if diarrhea contains blood, mucous, or pus. Discuss phototoxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting bacterial folic acid synthesis through competitive antagonism of PABA. |
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Term
| Drugs that weaken the bacterial cell wall. |
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Definition
| Beta Lactams: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems. Vancomycin and Fosfomycin. |
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