Term
| what are the three types of depression? |
|
Definition
| reactive, major and bipolar |
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|
Term
| what is a mood disorder characterized by? |
|
Definition
Characterized primarily by mood changes
Characterized by loss of interest in normal activities |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathophysiology of a mood disorder? |
|
Definition
| nsufficient amount of monamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine) |
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Term
| Can social and enviornmental factors that effect mood disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whar are characteristics of a reactive mood disorder? |
|
Definition
called the “blues”)
Usually sudden onset resulting from precipitating event |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of a major mood disorder? |
|
Definition
| Characterized by loss of interest in work, home, inability to complete tasks, and deep depression |
|
|
Term
| what are characteristics of bipolar mood disorders? |
|
Definition
| Mood swings between manic (euphoric) and depressive (dysphoria) |
|
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Term
| What types of antidepressants agents are used for mood disorders? |
|
Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
what is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of seotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? |
|
Definition
| Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft) |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of atypical antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) |
|
|
Term
| what is an examples of MAOI inhibitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an example of tricyclic antidepressant? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what is the action of elavil? |
|
Definition
Block uptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in brain
Blocks histamine receptors
Elevates mood, increases interest in ADLs, decreases insomnia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major depression and agitated depression |
|
|
Term
| what is the interactions of elavil? |
|
Definition
Increased CNS effects with alcohol and other
CNS depressants
Increased sedation and anticholinergic effects with phenothiazines, haloperidol |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects/adverse reactions with elavil? |
|
Definition
Sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth and eyes, urinary retention, constipation,
weight gain, GI distress, sexual dysfunction
Orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, EPS, blood dyscrasias |
|
|
Term
| what is the the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Block uptake of neurotransmitter serotonin |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
|
Definition
Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft),
paroxetine (Paxil), escitalopram (Lexapro) |
|
|
Term
| what are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
Major depression, anxiety disorders
(obsessive- compulsiveness, panic, phobias) prevention of migraine headaches |
|
|
Term
| what are interactions with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Increased CNS effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
| what are side effects/ adverse reactions with welective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
|
Definition
Headache, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, GI distress, sexual
dysfunction
Seizures, suicidal ideation
Side effects often decrease over 2-4 weeks |
|
|
Term
| what is and example of an MOAI inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of MAOIs? |
|
Definition
Monamine oxidase enzyme inactivates
norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin |
|
|
Term
| what is the use of MAOI inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| depression not controlled by TCAs |
|
|
Term
| what are side effect/ adverse reactions of MAOIs? |
|
Definition
Agitation, restlessness, insomnia, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects
Hypertensive crisis from fatal tyramine |
|
|
Term
| what are the interactions with MAOIs? |
|
Definition
| cheese, coffee, cream, yogurt, bananas, liver, yeast, chocolate, beer, red wine) |
|
|
Term
| what are some nursing interventions? |
|
Definition
Monitor vital signs
Monitor mood for drug effectiveness
Monitor for suicidal tendencies, seizures
Warn about foods that contain tyramine can
cause a hypertensive crisis with MAOIs
Encourage client to take drug as prescribed
Avoid CNS stimulants (including alcohol), CNS depressants, cold medicines |
|
|
Term
| what are some other nursing interventions? |
|
Definition
Warn client against driving or using dangerous mechanical equipment until drug effect is known
Warn client against abruptly stopping drug
Instruct client to take drug at bedtime
Advise client that a therapeutic response usually occurs in 2-4 weeks
Inform client that herbs (St. John’s wort,
ginseng, etc) may interact with antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| what is lithium (eskalith) do? |
|
Definition
Alteration of ion transport in muscle and nerve cells
Increased receptor sensitivity to serotonin |
|
|
Term
| what is lithium used for? |
|
Definition
| Treat manic episodes in bipolar psychosis |
|
|
Term
| what are some interactions with lithium? |
|
Definition
Increase lithium level with thiazides, methyldopa, haloperidol, NSAIDs,
antidepressants, theophylline, phenothiazines |
|
|
Term
| what are side effects/ adverse reactions of lithium? |
|
Definition
Headache, drowsiness, dizziness,
hypotension, restlessness, slurred speech, dry mouth, metallic taste, tremors, muscle
weakness, GI distress, edema of hands and ankles, increased urination, dysrhythmias,
blood dyscrasias, nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| what are some nursing interventions with lituium? |
|
Definition
Monitor vital signs, sodium levels
Monitor for drug effectiveness, suicidal
tendencies
Monitor urine output, renal function tests
Encourage adequate fluid intake (1-2 L daily)
Take with food to decrease GI irritation
Monitor lithium levels every 1-2 months (0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L); toxic range greater than 2 mEq/L |
|
|
Term
| what are the toxic side effects of lithium? |
|
Definition
| persistent nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, blurred vision, tinnitus, ataxia, increasing tremors, confusion, dysrhythmias, seizures |
|
|
Term
| what are some other nursing interventions with lithium? |
|
Definition
Nursing Interventions
Teach client to wear medic-alert bracelet
Teach client to take drug as prescribed and keep medical appointments
Warn against driving motor vehicles or
operating dangerous equipment until drug effect is known
Advise client that drug effect may take 1-2
weeks
Encourage client to avoid caffeine, crash diets, NSAIDs, diuretics
Should not get pregnant due to teratogenic effects |
|
|
Term
| what are some other bipolar managment drugs? |
|
Definition
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic acid (Depakote) |
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