Term
|
Definition
| Increases affinity of antithrombin for thrombin 1000 flold; activates lipoprotein lipases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications of heparin? |
|
Definition
| Osteoporosis, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: antibodies are produced against platelets, non-specific protein binding |
|
|
Term
| Is heparin safe to use during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Relatively, yes -- it cannot cross the placenta |
|
|
Term
| How are heparin overdoses treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin |
|
Definition
| Low MW versions of heparin that are highly purified |
|
|
Term
| How do low MW analogues of heparin differ from heparin? |
|
Definition
| Longer half life (4 hrs), less risk of HIT and osteoporosis, has a greater effect on factor Xa than thrombin, not bound by protaminesulfate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic heparin analogue |
|
|
Term
| How does Fondaparinux differ from heparin? |
|
Definition
| Only acts on factor Xa, can cross the placenta, is not bound by protaminesulfate |
|
|
Term
| Hirudin, lepirudin, vialirudin, desirudin, argatroban |
|
Definition
| Protease inhibitor (derived from leeches) that binds directly to and inhibits thrombin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activated protein C; used to treat DIC by degrading factors Va and VIIIa and increasing plasminogen activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vitamin K analogue that blocks the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, X, S, and C |
|
|
Term
| Complications of Coumadin/Warfarin? |
|
Definition
| Hemorrhage, binds to plasma proteins, is metablized by P450 so is subject to other pharmaceutical interactions, affected by foods high in vitamin K |
|
|
Term
| Is warfarin safe to use during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| No-- it can cross the placenta |
|
|
Term
| Is warfarin effective immediately? |
|
Definition
| No -- you must wait for the clotting factors to degrade |
|
|
Term
| Is heparin effective immediately? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, prevents thromboxane A2 synthesis by platelets |
|
|
Term
| How long is aspirin active? |
|
Definition
| For the lifetime of the platelet |
|
|
Term
| Cilostazol and dipyridamole |
|
Definition
| Inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase (which normally metabolizes cAMP to 5' AMP), leading to an increase in cAMP and inhibition of platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel |
|
Definition
| Prodrugs; inhibit ADP binding to platelet receptors |
|
|
Term
| Complications of diclopidin, clopidogrel, prasugrel? |
|
Definition
| Metabolized by P450 so subject to pharmaceutical interference, causes neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
|
Term
| Abxicimab, tirofiban, eptifibatide |
|
Definition
| Act against GP IIb/IIIa receptors in platelets to prevent platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| How are abxicimab, tirofiban, eptifibatide administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are complications associated with abxicimab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptokinase and urokinase |
|
Definition
| Convert plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades both fibrin and fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| How are streptokinase and urokinase administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue plasminogen activator |
|
Definition
| Converts plasminogen to plasmin |
|
|
Term
| Aminocaproic and tranexamic acid |
|
Definition
| Inhibits plasminogen activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increases the production of factors I, II, VII, IX, X; increases plasminogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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