Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: Ocular |
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Definition
| Mydriasis, relaxation of ciliary muscle -> flatten lens for far vision, inhibition of lacrimation. |
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Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: Cardiac |
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Definition
Standard doses increase HR and conduction by blocking vagal stimulation.
Very low doses may initially decrease HR by blocking presynaptic receptors. |
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Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: Respiratory |
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Definition
| Bronchodilation and inhibition of secretions. |
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Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: GI/Urinary |
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Definition
| Relax GI tract wall (but not sphincters), inhibit gastric acid secretion, relax detrusor muscle. |
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Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: CNS |
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Definition
| Tertiary amines (atropine and scopolamine) can penetrate CNS. Scopolamine is generally more sedating than atropine. Atropine first causes stimulation before sedation. High doses can cause confusion/halucinations. |
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Term
| Effect of antimuscarinics: Other |
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Definition
| Inhibition of sweating, may lead to hyperthermia and then cutaneous vasodilation (note: this is a reflex, not a direct action). |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Uses: mydriasis for eye exam (outdated); induce cycloplegia (ciliary muscle paralysis) in children for determination of refractive error; sinus bradycardia and AV block; reduction of salivary and resp. secretions and to prevent airway obstruction in patients under anesthesia (outdated); reduce intestinal spasms and pain; reduce gastric acid secretion (outdated); reverse muscarine or AChE-I poisoning; prevent muscarinic side effects in patients receiving neostigmine or AChE-I; as an antidiarrheal |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Used for motion sickness, sedative. Applied as a patch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast but short-acting mydriatic agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast but short-acting mydriatic agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast but short-acting mydriatic agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary amine anti-muscarinic. Taken by inhalation, causes bronchodilation, used in COPD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary amine anti-muscarinic. Taken by inhalation, causes bronchodilation, used in COPD. Similar to Ipratropium but longer-acting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Used to manage overactive bladder, relaxes detrusor to allow for more filling. Contraindicated for patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Relaxes intestinal smooth muscle. Used for irritable bowel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Low doses used to inhibit secretions (e.g. to make intubation easier). Used to prevent excessive generalized sweating and to prevent muscarinic side effects in patients receiving neostigmine (used preferentially over atropine for this use). |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic. Used to relieve extrapyramidal symptoms in Parkinson's patients or patients taking antipsychotics. |
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Term
| Antimuscarinic side-effects |
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Definition
| Block "ddumbbelss": xerostomia, mydriasis and cycloplegia, anhidrosis and cutaneous vasodilation, constipation, difficulty urinating, tachycardia, confusion, sedation, delirium. (Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter) |
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Term
| Other drugs with anti-muscarinic activity |
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Definition
| Antihistamines, tricyclics (which are antidepressants) and phenothiazine antipsychotics. |
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Term
| Depolarizing nicotinic agonists (blockers) |
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Definition
| Act by initially activating nACh receptors but then rendering them inactive from persistent depolarization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of autonomic ganglia followed by blockade (does-dependent), stimulation of adrenal medulla (may see effects of increased epi) and stimulation of CNS: alerting response, change in respiration. |
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Term
| Nicotine toxicity symptoms |
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Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, cardio effects (depends on state of patient before whether patient shows tachy/bradycardia, etc.), lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma, diaphoresis, tremors, fasiculations, weakness, paralysis, increased epi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-depolarizing ganglionic blocker. Was used as an anti-hypertensive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-depolarizing ganglionic blocker. Was used for aortic dissection as it lowers BP and prevents the sympathetic reflex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-depolarizing ganglionic blocker. Was used for hypertension, can be used to improve GI absorption. Recent interest for use in Tourette Syndrome. |
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