Term
Penicillin
Narrow spectrum
PCNase sensitive |
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Definition
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Term
Penicillin
Narrow spectrum
PCNase resistant |
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Definition
Oxacillin
Discloxacillin
Nafacillin
Methicillin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| PCN G and PCN V act against: |
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Definition
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Term
| Narrow spectrum PCNase resistant PCNs act against: |
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Definition
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Term
| Ampilcillin and amoxacillin act against: |
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Definition
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Term
| Ticarcillin and piperacillin act against: |
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Definition
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Term
Route for PCN G
Route for PCN V |
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Definition
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Term
| Route for narrow PCNase resistant |
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Definition
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Term
| Route for ampicillin and amoxacillin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Side effects for PCN G and V |
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Definition
| Neurotoxicity, hyperkalemia, and gangrene |
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Term
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Definition
| Has high Na, so be careful with people with CHF |
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Term
| Which PCN is no longer used? |
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Definition
Methicillin bc it causes interstitial nephritis
Use vancomycin to treat MRSA |
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Term
| MOA for PCN and cephalosporin |
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Definition
| Weaken cell wall- cause cell to burst |
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Term
| Do not mix PCN with what when treating what? |
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Definition
| Amino glycosides when treating p. Aeruginosa |
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Term
| 1st gen cephalosporin name and gram stain |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd gen cephalosporin name and gram stain |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd gen cephalosporin name and gram stain |
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Definition
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Term
| 4th gen cephalosporin name and gram stain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalexin CSF and resistance to beta lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefoxitin CSF and resistance to beta lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefoxtamine CSF and resistance to beta lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefepime CSF and resistance to beta lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| Imipenem/ cilastatin treats: |
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Definition
| P. Aeruginosa when used in combo |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ertapenem has little activity against: |
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Definition
| P. Aeruginosa, pneumococci, and MRSA |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Slow IV over 60 min.
Adults 2mg/day at 12-24 HR intervals
Child 44mg/kg/day at 6-12 HR intervals |
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Term
Vancomycin
When to check levels? |
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Definition
Peak at 1.5-2.5 HR after infusion is complete
Hour before giving another dose
Peak levels of 30-40 mcg/ml are ok |
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Term
| Adverse effects of vancomycin |
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Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
RED MAN SYNDROME |
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Term
| Vancomycin used to treat: |
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Definition
MRSA
Meningitis
C-diff
Try flagyl first for MRSA and c-diff |
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Term
Tetracycline
Short acting drugs
Effects of food |
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Definition
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Slowed down- don't take with food |
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Term
Tetracycline
intermediate acting |
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Definition
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Term
Tetracycline
Long acting
Effects of food |
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Definition
Minocycline
Doxycycline
Not effected |
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Term
Tetracycline treats:
Used in combo with? |
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Definition
H. Pylori
Metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate |
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Term
| Tetracycline adverse effects |
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Definition
GI, N/V, diarrhea, cramps
Tooth discoloration
Do not use in children < 8 when enamel is forming
Can suppress bone growth
Can cause c-diff
Renal toxicity (do not use short or intermediate acting)
Photo toxicity |
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Term
Is tetracycline effected by chelation?
What molecules effect it? |
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Definition
Yes. Positively charged molecules
(ca, iron, mg, vitamins)
Drug wil not be absorbed |
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Term
Tetracycline
Avoid in who? |
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Definition
Children under 8
Pregnant women |
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Term
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Definition
Mostly bacteristatic but can be bactericidal against susceptible organisms or in high concentrations
Inhibits protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
B. Pertussis (whooping cough)
Upper and lower RTI
MAC in HIV pts |
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Term
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Definition
Erythromycin
Clarythromycin
Dirithromycin
Troleandomycin
Azithromycin (z pack) |
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Term
| Which macrolide is takin on an empty stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatically metabolized p450 |
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Term
| Macrolide adverse effects: |
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Definition
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Term
| Macrolide drug interactions |
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Definition
P450
Theophyllin, warfarin, cabamazepine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clarithromycin can cause: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Strep, gangrene
If allergic to PCN or Ceph |
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Term
| Macrolides used if allergic to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Clindamycin adverse effects |
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Definition
| C. Diff- stop taking immediately |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol adverse effects |
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Definition
Fatal aplastc anemia
Bone marrow suppression
Gray syndrome in infants |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol drug name |
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Definition
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Term
| Is chloramphenicol a narrow therapeutic index drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloramphenicol is used for: |
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Definition
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Bone marrow suppression is usually reversible when and can cause what? |
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Definition
1-3 weeks after withdrawal
Anemia |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Aplastic anemia develops when?
Is it dose related? |
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Definition
Weeks or months after dose stops
Not does related |
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Term
| Should chloramphenicol be taken on a full stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aminoglycoside drug names |
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Definition
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Kanmicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin |
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Term
Aminoglycoside spectrum
Narrow? Broad?
Route? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Bactericidal
Disruption of protein synthesis |
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Term
| Amikacin is least susceptible to: |
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Definition
Inactivation by bacterial enzymes
Use as last resort drug |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Serum levels are impacted by: |
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Definition
Age
% body fat
Renal fxn
Fever
Edema
Dehydration
Dose is individualized |
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Term
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Definition
Peak levels 30 min after IM or after completing 30 min IV
Trough levels for divided dozing take just prior to next dose
Once daily: monitor trough
Bid or tid: monitor peak and trough |
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Term
| Amino glycoside adverse effects |
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Definition
Ototoxicity (penetrates inner ear)
Nephrotoxicity (bind tightly to renal tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Amino glycoside effect will continue for how long? |
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Definition
| Hrs after levels have dropped |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides are not used with PCNs b/c: |
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Definition
In high concentrations it will inactivate aminoglycosides
Never mix in same solution |
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Term
| Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim spectrum and bacterial activity |
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Definition
Broad
Bactericidal, bacteristatic |
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Term
| Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim uses |
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Definition
UTI
chronic carinii pneumonia in AIDS pts |
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Term
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Definition
MRSA
UTI cause by e. Coli |
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Term
| Sulfonamides and renal damage |
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Definition
High water solubility so renal damage is low
Take with lots of water |
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Term
| Sulfonamides adverse effects |
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Definition
Kernicterus
Do not give to infants < 2
Be careful when giving to pregnant or feeding women
Photosensitivity |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones drug names and spectrum |
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Definition
Floxacin
Broad
Bactericidal |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones uses:
Which disease is resistant? |
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Definition
E. Coli
P. Aeruginosa
Meningitis
RTI
UTI
GI
Bones
Joints
Skin
Soft tissue
Anthrax
C. Diff |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones systemic use can cause:
Who do avoid? |
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Definition
Tendon rupture
Do not use in children < 18
Ciprofloxacin is the only safe one for kids |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones adverse effects |
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Definition
Tendon rupture
Photosensitivity |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones
Avoid in? |
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Definition
Children under 18 except for ciprofloxacin
Pregnant and feeding women |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones drug interactions |
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Definition
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