Term
| Which class of drugs are always used in combinations of 2 or more to prevent resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drugs are anti-mycobacterial agents that target TB? |
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Definition
| Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of Isoniazid? |
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Definition
| It is a prodrug that is converted by bacterial catalase to a mycolic acid analogue; it inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall |
|
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Term
| Is Isoniazid bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic in bacteria that are dormant, bacteriocidal in bacteria that are actively dividing |
|
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Term
| When can Isoniazid be used alone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of Isoniazid? |
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Definition
- Metabolized by acetylation so slow acetylators will have varying toxicities
- Pellegra (increased excretion of vitamin B6, leading to pyridoxine and niacine deficiency)
- Hepatotoxicity
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|
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Term
| What is the mechanism for Rifampin? |
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Definition
| Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
| How do bacteria develop resistance to Rifampin? |
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Definition
| Altering the RNA polymerase |
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Term
| What are the side effects of Rifampin? |
|
Definition
- Hepatotoxicity
- Red coloration of body fluids
- Very strong inducer of P450 (think birth control and warfarin)
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Term
| What is the mechanism of Pyrazinamide? |
|
Definition
| It is a prodrug that is converted to pyrazinoic acid in macrophage lysozomes (where bacteria reside), inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Pyrazinamide? |
|
Definition
- Life-threatening hepatitis
- Gout
|
|
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Term
| What is the mechanism of Ethambutol? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits arabinosyl transferase, which is necessary for synthesis of mycobacterial wall component |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Ethambutol? |
|
Definition
| Optic neuritis (altered color perception, loss of vision) |
|
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Term
| What is the mechanism of Dapsone? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits folate synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the target of Dapsone? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Dapsone? |
|
Definition
- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients
- Rash
- Methemoglobinemia
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|
|
Term
| Which antibiotics are used against mycoplasma? |
|
Definition
| Tetracyclines, Erythromycin |
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