Term
| Aminoglycosides Common Uses |
|
Definition
EX: Gentamycin.
Very Potent (gram -)
Used for serious systemic infections including E.coli, Staph, Proteus, Klebisella, Pseudoma, and bacterial endocarditis.
Streptomycin is used for TB. |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides Adverse effects |
|
Definition
| Serious S/E: Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones Common Uses |
|
Definition
Used for some gram + and some gram -
UTIs, Respiratory infections, GI, bone and joint issues, and STDs. |
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|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones Adverse effects |
|
Definition
| N/V, diarrhea, dizzines, HA, insomnia. |
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Term
|
Definition
EX: Bactrim Used for gram + and gram -
UTIs
Pneumonia and shigella infections of the small bowel. Enterobacter,
e.coli,
klebsiella,
staph.
For preventative tx for HIV pts against pneumocystis. |
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|
Term
| Sulfonamides Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| Crystals in urine, hypersensitivity reactions, N/V, delayed cutaneous reaction (rash) |
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Term
|
Definition
Broad Spectrum Used for gram +
Most commonly used for: Strep,
Also used for:
staph,
pneumonia,
meningitis,
skin, bone, and joint infections,
stomach infections,
blood and valve infections,
gas gangrene,
tetanus,
anthrax,
sickle-cell anemia in infants. |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin Adverse effects |
|
Definition
Most common: Allergy
Less common: rash, puritius, fever. GI upset, pain at IM site. |
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|
Term
| Cephalosporins Common Uses |
|
Definition
Four generations Largest antibiotic class First generation: Keflex - active against gram +. Second generation: Ceclor - active against gram + and some gram - Third generation: Resefan (broadest spectrum) used if you don't know the cause of the infection. Can treat gram + and gram -
They're used to treat UTIs, respiratiory infections, and for surgical prophylaxis. |
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|
Term
| Cephalosporin Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
Fairly safe, like penicillin.
Most common: allergic reaction
Can have GI upset, and edema |
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|
Term
| Tetracyclines Common Uses |
|
Definition
Used to treat more unusual viruses.
Treats some gram - and some gram + but not broad spectrum.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Typhus
Cholera
Lyme disease
Peptic Ulcers
Chlamidya
Acne |
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| GI distress, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in young people, superinfection, diarrhea, pseudomembraneous colitis. Take with food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only kill gram - bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| Monbactam Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| Allergic reactions. Can be used in pts allergic to penicllin or cephalosporins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum gram - and gram + Whooping cough Legionnaires disease strep H. Influenza Mycoplasma pneumonaie Listeria Chlamydia Neisseria Peptic Ulcer disease |
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|
Term
| Macrolide Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| Few serious side effects. Mild GI Upset, diarrhea, abdominal pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective against MRSA, like vancomycin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrombocytopenia leading to bleeding, diarrhea, HA, N/V, rash, dizziness, fever |
|
|
Term
| Who should not take Zyvox? |
|
Definition
| Pregnant women, pts with a hypersensitivity to the drug. Should be used with caution in pts with hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EX: Vancocin
Gram +
Methocylin Staph
MRSA |
|
|
Term
| Vancomycin Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity leading to uremia.
Red-man syndrome
Superinfections
Chills
Fever
Skin rash
hives
nausea |
|
|
Term
| What are the peak and trough levels of Vancomycin? |
|
Definition
Peak 25-40 mcg/mL 1 hour after admin.
Trough is 5-10 mcg/mL 1 hour prior to admin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fights severe systemic and invasive fungal diseases and has severe side effects. Works for AIDS pts, and pts with burns, pts taking corticosteroids, pts with indwelling catheters, or having recent organ transplants. |
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|
Term
| Amphotericin B Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
Sometimes serious side effects.
fever and chills
vomiting
H/A at beginning of therapy but subsides, Hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, and N/V. Plebitis is common with IV therapy. Nephrotoxicity in 80% of pts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Medicine kills the bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medicine slows the growth of bacteria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when host flora die off due to meds and new infections grow. they can also make host flora attack the host. Signs: UTIs, mouth sores caused by e.coli, and herpes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Comes from bacteria multiplying and mutations occuring during the multiplication process that allows the bacteria to be resistant to meds being used. |
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|
Term
| When should a culture be performed? |
|
Definition
| Prior to med administraion |
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|
Term
| How do you assess for adverse effects of aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
Since ototoxicity is a S/E it can be assessed by checking hearing, testing balance, seeing if there is ringing in the ears.
Nephrotoxicity is also a S/E: and that can be checked by abnormal urine function tests like BUN and creatinine tests. |
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|
Term
| How do you check for adverse effects of Vancomycin? |
|
Definition
| Check to see if the red-man syndrome is causing a reaction such as red rash of the upper trunk, face, neck. Check for superinfection by looking for mouth sores or white plaques in the mouth, vaginal infections, chills, fever, hives, hearing loss. Crackles in lungs, edema, and BUN and creatine tests. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class is azithromycin in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is good for antibiotic dosing? |
|
Definition
Even time increments to sustain levels in blood. EX: 2X/Day - every 12 hrs.
3X/Day - every 8 hrs. |
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|
Term
| What drug interaction occurs with Warfarin and Bactrim? |
|
Definition
| Bactrim will enhance the effects of Warfarin which is a blood thinner. Your blood will be too thin. |
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|
Term
| Who should receive prophylactic antitubercular treatment? |
|
Definition
| People in close contact with TB pts, immunosuppressed pts, pts who receive a positive TB tests and HIV pts. |
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|
Term
| INH and dilantin interaction? |
|
Definition
| You may increase serum levels of dilantin (pheytoin) and could cause toxicity of the dilantin. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary use of Flagyl? |
|
Definition
| Anaerobic infections. Bacteriodes, Clostridium. |
|
|
Term
| When should antiviral treatment for the flu begin? |
|
Definition
| Within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. Tamaflu. |
|
|
Term
| Which populations are the priority for flu shots? |
|
Definition
| Older adults, healtcare workers, children. |
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|
Term
| When should an immunization not be given? |
|
Definition
| When pt shows signs of infection, weakened immune systems, and to pregnant women. |
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|
Term
| Which tumors respond best to chemo? |
|
Definition
| Young tumors because they're in constant stages of growth and different chemo meds can attack the cells while growing. |
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|
Term
| Neutropenia, ANC what is it? |
|
Definition
Neutropenia is when there is only a small # of neutrophils in the blood. They're the most affected by chemo drugs.
ANC is absolute neutrophil count and if it falls below 500/mm, the risk for infection increases. |
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Term
| Biologic response modifiers: Common side effects |
|
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, malaise)
Diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are effective against MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Gram + infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some Gram - infections? |
|
Definition
| E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Enterococci |
|
|
Term
| What gram + staph infection can Vancomycin treat? |
|
Definition
| A very rare, and hard to treat Methocylin staph |
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|
Term
| Which antibitotics are broad spectrum? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin, 3rd generation Cephalosporins, tetracyclines (but more for specific illnesses), |
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|
Term
| Which bacteria are harder to treat? |
|
Definition
| Gram - because there are less antibiotics that work against these. |
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|
Term
| How is nystatin administered via P.O.? |
|
Definition
| Swished in the mouth for two minutes then spit out or swallowed if there are sores in the esophagus. |
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