Term
| Which drugs are used to treat Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster? |
|
Definition
| Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famcyclovir |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Acyclovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is converted to active form by herpes virus thymidine kinase and inhibits the viral DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Valacyclovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is converted to Acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Famciclovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is converted to Penciclovir, an analogue of Acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used to inhibit CMV? |
|
Definition
| Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, Foscarnet, and Fomivirsen |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Acyclovir? |
|
Definition
- When given IV, causes renal damage
- Can get into the CNS to cause delirium
|
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Ganciclovir? |
|
Definition
- Myelosupression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Teratogenic
|
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Valganciclovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is converted to Ganciclovir |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Ganciclovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is activated by the CMV viral kinase and inhibits the CMV DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Cidofovir? |
|
Definition
| Prodrug that is converted by CMV to a CMV DNA polymerase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Cidofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Foscarnet? |
|
Definition
| Directly inhibits CMV viral DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Fomivirsen? |
|
Definition
| Antisense molecule that targets the CMV mRNA. Given directly in the eye. |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat Hepatitis B? |
|
Definition
| Adofovir, Entecavir, and Lamivudine |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Adofovir? |
|
Definition
| Nucleotide analog that inhibits hepatitis virus DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Adofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Entacavir? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits Hepatitis B DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Entecavir? |
|
Definition
| Hepatic damage, Lactic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Lamivudine? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits both Hepatitis B reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is also used for HIV, and why? |
|
Definition
| Lamivudine -- it can inhibit viral reverse transcriptases |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat RSV? |
|
Definition
| Ribavirin and Palivizumab |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| How is Ribavirin administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Acyclovir administered and why? |
|
Definition
| IV -- it is poorly absorbed |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| Decreased pulmonary function when given aerosol, Hemolytic anemia in IV form, Pregnancy category X |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Palivizumab? |
|
Definition
| Monoclonal antibody directed against F protein of RSV, which prevents fusion of RSV with the host cell |
|
|
Term
| Which antiviral drugs are used prophylactically? |
|
Definition
| Palivizumab against RSV and Amantadine/Rimantadine against Influenza (or early stage of illness) |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used against Influenza? |
|
Definition
| Amantadine, Rimantadine, Zanamavir, Oseltamavir |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Ramantadine and Amantadine? |
|
Definition
| Blocks the M2 protein that allows the Influenza virus to make a channel through the endosome and release RNA into the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Amantadine and Rimantadine? |
|
Definition
- Renal failure
- Teratogenesis
- Dizziness/Confusion
|
|
|
Term
| Which antiviral drug is also used for Parkinson's disease? |
|
Definition
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