Term
| What are the adrenal hormones synthesized from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main way of regulation of cortisol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the adrenal glands located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do glucocorticoids inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do glucocorticoids work in the liver? |
|
Definition
| anabolically to build up energy stores |
|
|
Term
| In the liver, glucocorticoids favor______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoid insufficency may result in __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outside of the liver, gluccocorticoids stimulate____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do gluccocordicoids do in response to stress? |
|
Definition
| increase resistance to stress |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids cause a decrease in_______ |
|
Definition
| eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes by redistributing them to lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important effect of glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids can cause an increase in _________ |
|
Definition
| hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and platelets |
|
|
Term
| increased glucorticoids levels may inhibit further synthesis of ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of cortisol is bound to plasma protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synthetic corticosteroids are bound by _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are the bound steriods active? |
|
Definition
| No, only the 10% who are unbound are active. |
|
|
Term
| Half-life of steroids may increase dramatically in individuals with_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what factors should be considered with steriod administration? |
|
Definition
1. Glucocorticoid v. mineralcorticoid activity
2. duration of action
3. time of day to be administered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cortisone t1/2=30 min
hydrocortisone t1/2= 80-116 min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dexamethasone
bethamethasone |
|
|
Term
| short acting steroids actually have higher potencies in _________ effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Triamcinilone
Methylprednisolone |
|
Definition
| Intermediate acting steroids |
|
|
Term
| Therpauteic uses of steroids |
|
Definition
inflammatory diseases
respiratory diseases (COPD)
rhematoid disorders and collagen diseases |
|
|
Term
| Steroids can also be used therapeutically for inhibition of __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Miscellaneous uses of steroids |
|
Definition
replacement therapy
cerebral edema
premature delivery
eye injury |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common side effect of steroids? |
|
Definition
| Osteoporosis b/c steroids decrease ca absorption in the gut |
|
|
Term
| other side effects of steroids: |
|
Definition
| cataracts, hyperglycemia, decreased resistance to infection, fluid and electrolyte disease, redistribution of body fat, adrenal supression |
|
|
Term
| what can happen with long-term steroid use? |
|
Definition
| the adrenal gland atrophies |
|
|
Term
| disease caused by the over-production or over-administration of steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dermatologic effects of cusings disease |
|
Definition
| easy brusing, skin atrophy, acne, hirsutism |
|
|
Term
| What is the test for cushings disease? |
|
Definition
| dexamethasone supression test |
|
|
Term
| this disease results in individuals not having enough steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of primary adrenal sufficiency |
|
Definition
| autoimmune, tuberculosis, surgical removal |
|
|
Term
| ACTH deficiency, glucocorticoid therapy |
|
Definition
| secondary adrenal insufficency |
|
|
Term
| this results in reduction in side effects than can be achieved by dose reduction alone. Used with intermediate acting glucocorticoids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are glucocordicoids made? |
|
Definition
| zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland |
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