Term
inhibits folate synthesis of bacteria. Bacteriostatic
Broad Spectrum |
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Definition
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Term
| how are silfonamides abosorbed |
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Definition
| in the intestine, excreted in urine, can cross to the placenta |
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Term
| key folate synthesis drug |
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Definition
| TMP-SMX= trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole co-trimoxazole |
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Term
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Definition
| uti, otitis media, chronic bronchitis |
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Term
| what was the combination of TMP-SMX designed to do |
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Definition
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Term
| blocks DNA synthesis has long effects after the drug is gone |
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Definition
| quinolones mechanism of action |
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Term
| what are quinolones used for? |
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Definition
| broad spectrum, UTI respiratory tract infections, STDs |
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Term
| top 3 widely used quinolones in the US |
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Definition
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxavin |
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Term
| what drug was given to ppl exposed to anthrax in 2001? |
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Definition
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Term
| toxicity is increased in which generations of the quinolones |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs that concentrate in the urine and are used in chronic or recurrent utis |
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Definition
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Term
| nitro group is metabolized to various nitro anions that attack multiple targets to block DNA, RNA and protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| example of a urinary antiseptic |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 major groups of B lactams |
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Definition
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbpenems |
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Term
| weaken the cell wall so it cannot withstand osmotic pressure, resulting cell lysis and death |
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Definition
| B-Lactam: mechanism of action |
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Term
| an example of a penicillin binding protein that is essential for strengthening the cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. bacteria secrete enzyme to destroy penicillin
2. mutations to the PBP binding sites
3. resistence has a genetic component |
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Term
| tools to fight resistance |
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Definition
1. make drugs resistant to B lactamases
2. make B lactamase inhibitors and give in combo with antibiotics |
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Term
| first two naturally occurring penicillins that are susceptible to b-lactamase and not good for kidney problems |
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Definition
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Term
| anti staphyloccal/penicillinase resistant drugs |
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Definition
methicillin (not used clinically)
oxacillin
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin
flucloxacillin |
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Term
| extended spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| aminopenicillins are directed towards gram negative bacteria but arent effect against __________ |
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Definition
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Term
mezlocillin
PIPERACILLIN
ticarcillin |
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Definition
| extended spectrum, effective against pseudomonas and some anaerobes |
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Term
| B-lactamase inhibitor used in combination with penicillins to increase effectiveness |
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Definition
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Term
| amoxicillin + clavulanic acid = |
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Definition
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Term
| most serious risk of penicillin= |
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Definition
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Term
| appearance of a new infection during the treatment of the primary infection- as a result of the treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| these are semi synthetic, similar to penicillins stucturally and functionally, mostly resistant to B lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| cephalosporins can be effective against |
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Definition
| anaerobes, pseudomonas, gram positive, gram negative |
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Term
| uses of 1st gen cephalosporins |
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Definition
-skin infections
-before surgery |
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Term
| 4th generation cephalos can be used for |
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Definition
| 1st line against meningits b/c it crosses BBB |
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Term
| names of cephalosporins begin with |
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Definition
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Term
| empirical treatment for meningitis often with vancomycin |
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Definition
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Term
| used for empirical treatment of pulmonary and soft tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| potent against gram negative including pseudomonas, no cross reactivity for B lactam allergy |
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Definition
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Term
| protein synthesis inhibitors |
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Definition
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria and have post-antibiotic effect. Anaerobes are resistant to them |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gram (-) bacteria, empirical treatment with B lactams
eradicate gut flora before surgery
prevention of endocarditis |
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Term
| adverse reaction of aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (irreversible) |
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Term
tetacycline (short)
doxicycline (long) |
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Definition
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Term
| these are broad spectrum and can become insoluble with antacids |
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Definition
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Term
| one of the concerns of this antibiotic is photosensitivity, discolored teeth, temporary growth stunting |
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Definition
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Term
| these block protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome. does not bind to mammalian ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
erythromycin
clarithromycin
azitromycin |
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Definition
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Term
| used as an alternative to penicillin for pts with allergy |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| topical polypeptide antibiotic |
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Definition
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Term
| this polypeptide antibiotic is used as a last line of defense against MRSA |
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Definition
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Term
| what is given to vancomycin resistant organisms? |
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Definition
| protein synthesis inhibitors: Quinopristin/ dalfopristin and linezolid |
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Term
| another useful indication of vancomycin |
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Definition
| emergency treatment of meningitis. |
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Term
| this antituberculosis drug blocks mycobacterium cell wall and only works on dividing cells |
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Definition
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Term
| this antituberculosis drug is mostly safe but can cause hepatotoxicity and neuropathy long term, also resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| this antituberculosis drug blocks RNA synthesis and does not target mammalian polymerases. It can develop resistant strains alone. |
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Definition
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Term
| major side effect of rifampin |
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Definition
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