Term
|
Definition
| The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditions and customs transmitted through learning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economy based on plant cultivation and/or animal domestication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anthropology as a whole; cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The comparative, cross-cultural, study of human society and culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting. Part of Cultural anthropology. Often descriptive. Group/community specific. |
|
|
Term
| Archaeological anthropology |
|
Definition
| The study of human behavior through material remains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of sociocultural differences and similarities. Part of Cultural anthropology. Uses data collected by a series of researchers, usually synthetic. Comparative/cross-cultural. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of human biological variation in time and space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same as Biological anthropology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of language and linguistic diversity in time, space, and society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of language in society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Field of study that seeks reliable explanations, with reference to the material and physical world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using Anthropology to solve contemporary problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of ideas formulated to explain something. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An observed relationship between two or more variables. |
|
|
Term
| Cultural Resource Management |
|
Definition
| Deciding what needs saving when entire archaeological sites cannot be saved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A suggested but as yet unverified explanation. |
|
|
Term
| Q: Which of the following most characterizes anthropology among disciplines that study humans? |
|
Definition
| A: It is holistic and comparative. |
|
|
Term
| Q: What is the most critical element of cultural traditions? |
|
Definition
| A: Their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance. |
|
|
Term
| Q: Over time, how has human reliance on cultural means of adaptation changed? |
|
Definition
| A: Humans have become increasingly more dependent on them. |
|
|
Term
| Q: The fact that anthropology focuses on both culture and biology |
|
Definition
| A: allows it to address how culture influences biological traits and vice versa. |
|
|
Term
| Q: What is the point of describing the ways in which humans cope with low oxygen pressure in high altitudes? |
|
Definition
| A: To illustrate human capacities of cultural and biological adaptation, variation, and change. |
|
|
Term
| Q: Four-field anthropology |
|
Definition
| A: was largely shaped by early American anthropologists' interests in Native Americans. |
|
|
Term
| Q: The study of nonhuman primates is of special interests to which sub-discipline of anthropology? |
|
Definition
| A: Biological anthropology |
|
|
Term
| Q: Which of the following terms is defined as a suggested but yet unverified explanation for observed things and events? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A: characterizes any anthropological endeavor that formulates research questions and gathers or uses systemic data to test hypotheses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something, verbal or nonverbal, that stands for something else. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Member of hominid family; any fossil or living human, chimp, or gorilla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hominids excluding the African apes; all the human species that ever have existed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something that exists in every culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Culture pattern or trait that exits in some but not all societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cultural features shared by citizens of the same nation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Judging other cultures using one's own cultural standards. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rights based on justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idea that to know another culture requires full understanding of its members' beliefs and motivations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intellectual property rights; an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intellectual property rights; an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Borrowing of cultural traits between societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The independent development of a cultural feature in different societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today. |
|
|
Term
| Q: The "psychic unity" of humans, a doctrine that most anthropologists accept, states that |
|
Definition
| A: although individuals differ in their emotional and intellectual tendencies and capacities, all human populations have equivalent capacities for culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today. |
|
|
Term
| Q: The "psychic unity" of humans, a doctrine that most anthropologists accept, states that |
|
Definition
| A: although individuals differ in their emotional and intellectual tendencies and capacities, all human populations have equivalent capacities for culture. |
|
|
Term
| Q: The description of the similarities and differences between humans and apes, our closest relatives, |
|
Definition
| A: Emphasizes culture's evolutionary basis, stressing the interaction between biology and culture. |
|
|
Term
| Q: Culture is contested means |
|
Definition
| A: different groups in society struggle with one another over whose ideas, values, goods, and beliefs will prevail. |
|
|
Term
| Q: Methodological cultural relativism |
|
Definition
| A: is not a moral position, but a methodological one. |
|
|
Term
| Q: There were at least seven different regions where agriculture developed. Therefore, agriculture is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q: Term for the processes that are making nations and people increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduction in absolute poverty, with a more even distribution of wealth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trying to achieve too much change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seeing less-developed countries as all the same; ignoring cultural diversity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The comparative, biocultural study of disease, health problems, and health-care systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of hominid, hominin, and human life through the fossil record. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agreement to take part in research, after being fully informed about it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of ancient life through the fossil record. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of ancient plants and environments through pollen samples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of aerial photos and satellite images to locate sites on the ground. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measurement of human body parts and dimensions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of disease and injury in skeletons from archaeological sites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA comparisons used to determine evolutionary links and distances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of settlement patterns over a large area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digging through layers at a site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of processes affecting remains of dead animals. Including scattering by carnivores and scavengers, distortion by various forces, and the possible fossilization of the remains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Establishing dates in numbers or ranges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Establishing a time frame in relation to other strata or materials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of earth sediments deposited in demarcated layers (strata). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tree-ring dating; a form of absolute dating. |
|
|
Term
| American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics |
|
Definition
| Designed to ensure that anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, to the host communities that allow them to conduct their research, and to society in general. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microscopic body that occurs in plants. |
|
|
Term
| 2 Major components of a fieldwork in archaeological anthropology |
|
Definition
| Systematic survey & excavation |
|
|
