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| the dominate way of providing for peoples material needs |
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| increased and intensified international ties related to the spread of Western, especially US, capitalism that affects all world cultures |
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| reliance on foods gathered in nature like hunting, fishing, and gathering (more than 90% of human history we have been foraging) |
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| reliance on domestication of animals and plants, emphasis on cultivation but also supplemented by forging |
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| based on the domestication of animal herds and heavy reliance on the products of animals (50% of diet based on animals) Rely on trade with settles groups and practiced in low rainfall areas bc of preoccupation with finding fresh pasture |
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| Reliance on domesticated animals for plowing, transportation, and fertilizer and reliance on irrigation systems and other modifications for maximizing production of land |
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| local understanding of the environment, climate, and other matters related to livelihood and wellbeing |
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| good/services produced through mass employment in business or commercial operation. Goods are produced to meet consumer demands rather than basic needs |
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| an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
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| an aspect of cultural globalization, listed as one of its main characteristics, and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols |
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| study of the human experience with disease (and healing systems) in cross-cultural perspective |
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| Health systems that exist in different cultures; perception and classification of illness and diagnosis and prevention to healing |
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| 1960s referred to non Western medical systems as this, which caused problems |
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| Cross cultural variation in definitions of the body and relationship to illness and healing; in Euro-american there is a division between mind and body but where this doesn't exist theres no such thing as "mental illness" |
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| biological pathology that is objective and universal (outside or etic) |
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| culturally specific understandings and experiences of health problems and others forms of suffering (individual or emic) |
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| Broader social, economic and political forces that cause suffering: war, famine, forced deportation, poverty (western disease classifications do not include structural abuse) |
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| branch of science dealing with the classification of disease |
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| Susto is a cultural illness primarily among Latin-American cultures. It is described by Razzouk et al as a condition of being frightened and "chronic somatic suffering stemming from emotional trauma or from witnessing traumatic experiences lived by others" |
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| Collections of signs/symptoms that occur in a particular culture or small number of cultures (anorexia in young white US females) caused by psychosocial experiences such as stress or shock, no apparent biological cause |
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| types of culture bound syndromes |
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| identifying the nature of an illness |
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| the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means. |
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| Illness causation theories |
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| panel of medical experts have to agree about how to label and classify health problems according to scientific criteria |
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| emcompasses the social context as crucial to healing (Ju/wasi foragers of Kalahari desert in Africa that do night long dance to heal those sick in the community) |
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| Specific people in certain cultures who are recognized as having special treating and diagnosis abilities (bonesetters, shamans, herbalists, nurses, ext) |
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| the scientific study of the traditional knowledge and customs of a people concerning plants and their medical, religious, and other uses |
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| geophagy: eating earth, clay, chalk; occurs in some primitive tribes, sometimes in cases of nutritional deficiency or obsessive behavior |
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| Ecological/Epidemiological Approach |
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| examines how aspects of the natural environment interact with culture cause health problems and to influence their spread their spread throughout the population |
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| The spread of diseases like smallpox, measles, typhus, and others because of the exposure of them to the Native Americans by New World travelers |
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| Globalization and disease |
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| health problems moving around the world into remote locations like HIV/AIDS |
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| a system of traditional medicine native to the Indian subcontinent and a form of alternative medicine. |
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| health systems as systems of meaning, it focuses on labeling, description and experiences of illness and how healing interventions offer meaningful responses to individuals and collective distress |
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| a meaning effect, a positive result from a healing method due to a symbolic or otherwise nonmaterial factor |
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| Critical Medical Anthropology |
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| analysis of how economic and political structures shape health status and access to health care; focuses on analyzing how structural factors such as political ecomomy, media, social inequality-affect prevailing health system |
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| labeling a problem as medical and requiring medical treatment when, in fact, its cause is structural. |
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| relative incidence of a particular disease (sickness) |
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| rate of deaths in a population |
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| Poverty and its synergy with disease |
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| Poverty is primary cause of morbidity and mortality because of lack to afford proper health care or nutrition |
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| when students in medical school relinquish critical thinking and thoughtful ways of learning |
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| works to erase humanitarian ideals through an emphases on technology and objectification of the patient |
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| health problem causes or increased by economic development projects (dams and irrigation systems in tropical areas causes parasites in the blood system) |
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| the presence of several, separate health systems within a society which allows for a range of choices and enhances quality of health |
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| Mary's death due to miscommunication between doctors and the family |
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| Clinical Medical Anthropology |
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| World Health Organization |
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| endorsed the incorporation of traditional healing practices into national health systems |
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| Traditional Birth Attendant |
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| Person Centered Ethnography |
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| someone who is familiar with two cultures and who can promote communication and understanding across them |
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| culturally defined period of maturation from the time of puberty until adulthood that is recognized in some, but not all cultures |
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| partial, total removal of clitoris and labia and sometimes stitching together of vaginal entry (when girl is between 7-15) |
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| "Two Spirit People" or people that fill the roles or mixed genders in traditional Native American Tribes |
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| cultural process of becoming a mother |
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| cultural process of becoming a father |
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| the existance within a culture of multiple categories of felinity, masculinity, and blurred genders that are tolerated and legitimate |
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| time in the human life cycle that occurs universally and involves a set of biological markers and sexual maturation |
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| parent-infant contact at the time of birth |
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