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| Edward Tylor's definition of culture |
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Definition
| that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society |
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| believing your culture is superior and proper |
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| 5 Characteristics of culture |
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shared ideas/behavior culture is learned culture is adaptive cultures change culture is a system |
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| God is a remote creator of matter and the laws of motion by which it operates |
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Taxonomy of Nature Fixity of Species |
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| Characteristics of the Enlightenment [2] |
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| Explain nature with natural law, not scripture |
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| George Leclerc Buffon [3] |
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Wrote Natural History Living things adapt to environment experimented with minerals |
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| Baron George Leopold Cuvier [3] |
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Law of Correlation catastrophism Studied Anatomy--complex |
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| series of catastropies renewed species |
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| interdependence between form and function |
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| age of marine life and plants |
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| species transform through time |
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Transformationism
All living things descended from a common ancestor |
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| Jean-Baptist de Lamarck [3] |
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Employee of Cuvier
Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Giraffes adapted to changing Savannah |
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Father of Geology
Uniformitarianism
Life on earth is a continuum |
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| the geologic forces that shape the earth today, shaped it in the past |
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| Location of Galapagos Islands |
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| Law of the succession of types |
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| modern animals have close relationship with extinct species |
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| Populations expand faster than food supplies; populations level off |
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| Basic definition of natural selection |
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| nature selects favorable traits |
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| controlled breeding; superior traits selected for and used for reproduction |
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| 4 reasons Darwin would not publish his theory |
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Definition
reputation & honor
wife was religious
valued religion in society
Lyell could not influence him |
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| came up with same theory as Darwin |
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| acts on an organism's ability to obtain and copulate with a mate |
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| a change in the genetic structure of a population (as a unit) |
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| a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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| a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area |
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| the total complement of genes shared by reproductive members of a population |
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| chunks of genetic material, composed of sequences of DNA. DNA molecule is a double helix. DNA packed into chromosomes |
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| proportion of alleles in a population |
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| Conditions for Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium |
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Definition
1. Large pop. w/ much variation
2. No immigration or emigration
3. No new alleles
4. No difference in mortality rates
5. Mating is random |
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| 4 Causes of Microevolution |
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Definition
Mutation
Gene Flow
Gene Drift
Natural Selection |
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Definition
| A catastrophe reduces a population to a much smaller group...alleles in gene pool are reduced |
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| population is genetically different than ancestral population |
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| speciation or cladogenesis |
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| splitting of a species into two |
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| evolutionary change at or above the species level |
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| diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms |
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| a monoplyletic group of organisms; a group of organisms, such as a species, whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor. |
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| similar characteristics that show relatedness |
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geographic isolation
reduction of gene flow
reproductive isolation |
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| small, gradual change over long periods of time; upward movement of a lineage |
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| small, gradual change over long periods of time; upward movement of a lineage |
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| species in stasis for a long period of time followed by short, rapid periods of change |
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"before monkeys"
lemurs, lorises, tarsiers |
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"human-like"
monkeys, apes, and humans |
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| 3 Strepsirhini Characteristics |
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Definition
wet noses
whiskers
scent glands, most important sense is smell |
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| 2 Haplorhini (Tarsier) Characteristics |
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Definition
dry nose
eyes don't reflect light |
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| 4 Characteristics of Class Mammals |
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Definition
reproduction--conceive young inside;live births
temp. control--warm-blooded
teeth--4 types
behavioral diversity--large brain; k-selected |
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Definition
Anthropoidea
Catarrhini
Hominiodea
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens |
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Term
| 6 Primate Characteristics |
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Definition
1. Well-developed visual senses
2. Diurnal lifestyles
3. Diverse locomotion; tree and ground
4. Dentition
5. Large Brain
6. K-selected |
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Definition
| binocular vision & imagery projected to both sides of brain |
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| increased parental investment in young |
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| 5 Characteristics of Platyrrhini |
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Definition
flat noses more to the side
live in trees
vegetarians
3 families
2 families have prehensile tails and are brachiators |
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| 2 superfamilies of Catarrhini |
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Definition
| Cercopithecoidea [Old World Monkeys] & Hominoidea |
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| 4 characteristics of Cercopithecoidea |
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Definition
arboreal & terrestrial
omnivorous diet
2123
have tails but not prehensile |
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| 3 families within Hominoidea |
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Definition
Hylobatidae [gibbons & siamangs]
Pongidae [gorillas, chimps, and orangutans]
Homindae |
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| 7 Characteristics of Hominoids |
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Definition
no tails
doubled brain size
larger bodies
more k-selected
2123
molars have Y-5 pattern
large & strong collarbone; shoulder blades toward back |
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| 6 Characteristics of Gibbons |
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Definition
unique ball/socket joint; brachiation masters
vocal [territorial]
nuclear families; pair-bonding
endangered
no sexual dimorphism
vegetarians |
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| 2 characteristics of siamangs |
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Definition
twice size of gibbons
black fur |
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| 8 characteristics of orangutans |
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Definition
"forest man"
Sumatra & Borneo
Mostly arboreal, but terrestrial
males twice the size of females
males live alone
mother-infant groups
7-8 yr birth interval
endangered
intelligent |
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| 8 Characteristics of Gorillas |
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Definition
Africa
3 Subspecies
Largest primate
Terrestrial
Quadrupeds
Vegetarians
Sexually dimorphic; males 400 lbs
Dominant male, female harem |
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| 9 Characteristics of Chimpanzees |
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Definition
Africa
2 species
more diverse environments
Arboreal & terrestrial quadruped
Eat anything
Varied vocalizations
live in multi-male groups
behavior revolves around mother-infant bond
tool makers |
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