Term
| Agriculture and its effects |
|
Definition
| Agriculture caused humans to be seditary. This caused diseases to spread, stopped diversity in the human diet, and created social inequalities. Also populations grew. Also allowed for humans to create culture, art, and language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The science of soil management and crop production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scientific discipline that uses ecological theory to study, design, manage and evaluate agricultural systems that are productive but also resource conserving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The science and art of cultivating plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of herding as an economic activity of a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society without formalized differences in the access to power, influence, and wealth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mutual or cooperative interchange of favors or privileges, especially the exchange of rights or privileges of trade between individuals or groups as in the transfer of goods or services between two or more individuals or groups. Also see balanced, generalized, and negative reciprocity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals to move from one caste to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of
Wealth, Occupation, Other economic criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human population category whose boundaries supposedly correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes. No such thing as race due to genetic variance in common "races" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roles in society based off of culture requirements. involves categorizations of people, objects, and events that draw upon sexual imagery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biological Definition: what "parts" you have. Culture: based off of "gender" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any aggregate of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, community of customs and traditions, adherence to the same leaders, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small group of related people, who are primarily organized through family bonds. Foraging typifies the subsistence technology. A respected and older person may be looked to for leadership, but the person has no formalized authority. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A culture that has a formal political organization with a central bureaucracy with the authority to employ legalized force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception and categorization of experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a study of language use which relies on ethnography to illuminate the ways in which speech is both constituted by culture and of social interaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages.
Usually developed in countries colonized by Europeans where slavery was present (Haiti) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dialects. or multiple meanings for one object in a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repetitive social practice set off from every day life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another.Separation, liminality, and reintegration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “Correct practice”; the prohibition of deviation from approved forms of ritual behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sacred things can be touched/ consumed to transfer power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Things not allowed in rituals or religious practices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The synthesis of old religious practices with new religious practices introduced, or forced,but something from the outside. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A conscious, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An unstructured or minimally structured community of equal individuals, found frequently in rites of passage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a return to or emphasis on traditional or local customs, in opposition to outside influences. Siberian Shaman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. opposite of communism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a capitalistic economic system in which there is free competition and prices are determined by the interaction of supply and demand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A potlatch is a gift-giving feast practiced by indigenous peoples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms of relatedness believed to come from shared substance and its transmission. blood or spiritual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Culturally recognized relationships based on mating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Culturally recognized relationships based on birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride at marriage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of wealth, usually from parents to their daughter, at the time of her marriage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ascribed statuses are social positions assigned to people at birth.
Achieved statuses are social positions people attain later in life as the result of their own or other people’s efforts.
Adoption can convert achieved kinship statuses into ascribed statuses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of integration across world-space arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic liberalism whose advocates support economic liberalizations, free trade and open markets, privatization, deregulation, and enhancing the role of the private sector in modern society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience. |
|
|
