Term
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Definition
First chap. Hill-
1. Race is biological
2. Individuals are 'racist'
3. Racism will 'die out' because of education, and increasingly mixed races.
4. Segregation occurs because people want to be with their own kind |
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Term
| Critical theories of racism |
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Definition
Hill Chap 1:
1. Response to folk theory
2. Collective racism, systematic racism
3. Racial categories are constructed vs. biological- taxonomy, hierarchy, resources move to top of hierarchy |
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Term
| Language, ethnicity and citizenship |
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Definition
Urciuoli- Puerto Ricans
-Language is directly tied to class
-abandonment (horizontal something)
-power bilingual
-Comfort with language |
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Term
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Definition
-Hill Chap 2:
-Referentialism
-Standard
-Performative
-Personalist |
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Term
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Definition
| -Hill Chap 2: "Cerveza"- literal meaning of indexical references, disregards social context |
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Term
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Definition
| -Hill Chap 2: ideology that language derives meaning from intention of the speaker |
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Term
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Definition
| Words can be used as tools/actions: Hate Speech, hurt, madates, etc. Not just 'truth' |
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Term
Broad and narrow definitions of
bilingualism |
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Definition
| Samant- Arab americans- self-definited bilinguilism vs. 3rd party judgement |
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Term
| Ideologies about bilingualism |
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Definition
| Social perceptions of bilingualism differ from nation to nation, in US: Immigrant, poor, illiterate. |
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Term
Discrimination against non-native
speakers of English |
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Definition
| -Urciuoli: Employment, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Switching back and forth between dialects, languages, etc. based on social context or intent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lippi-Green: analysis and description of the structure of morphemes and other units of meaning in a language |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| grammatical structure of sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| Meaning ascribed to language |
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Term
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Definition
Milroy and Milroy:
Description: objectively looking at dialects, Presciption marks 'correct' grammar on standard |
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Term
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Definition
Lippi-Green/Milroy
Ie: Aks/Ask
ain't/amn't
double negatives
Power |
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Term
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Definition
| Writing is easier to standardize, more stagnant than spoken word. "Proper=written". |
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Term
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Definition
| Words consist of arbitrary combinations of sounds, gestures, meanings. |
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Term
| Process of standardization |
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Definition
Milroy-
1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Elaboration of function
4. Acceptance
5. Maintenance? |
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Term
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Definition
Hill Ch. 2
Type 1: Purely academic, incorrectly
Type 2: Immoral
Type 2: |
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Term
Three major regional dialect areas in
the US |
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Definition
| Wolffram- North/South/Midland+West |
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Term
Main factors that lead to formation
of regional dialects in the US |
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Definition
| Cultural separation, economic separation, |
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Term
Language attitudes toward regional
variation |
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Definition
| Southern- dumb but nice, northern = educated but mean |
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Term
Relationship between literacy and
the standard language |
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Definition
| Standard English speakers have a higher literacy rate for a variety of reasons we just talked about |
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Term
| Linguistic variation and discrimination in the schools |
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Definition
| Heilman: Appalachian kids, self-fulfilling prophecy, lowered expectations/resources, special ed classes, etc. |
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Term
Features of AAVE discussed by
Labov |
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Definition
| Labov- Habitual Be/been?, Roticity, Drop the 'ing", Copula- 'to be' |
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Term
Relationships of residential
segregation, poverty and AAVE use |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| being proficient in 2 or more dialects |
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Term
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Definition
| Lippi-Green: Any utterance which can occur in any language given that a native speaker would use |
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Term
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Definition
| SOCIAL CONTEXT! indexical behavior or utterance points to (or indicates) some state of affairs. For example, I refers to whoever is speaking; now refers to the time at which that word is uttered; and here refers to the place of utterance |
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Term
Using at least three examples, explain the relationship between standardization
and prescriptio |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 ways to revitalize a language |
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Definition
| 1. Standardization 2. Bilingual Education 3. Language Next 4. Master- Apprentice |
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