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| Anderson's Definition of Art |
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| Art is culturally significant meaning, skillfully encoded in an affecting, sensuous medium |
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not a completely independent variable and practical considerations often restrict that expressive freedom available to artists.
*manifestation of meaning of art |
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| some cultures have strict media that can be used, as well as some cultures have an explicit proscription against creativity |
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| visual phenomena created or assembled with the conscious knowledge that they will be destroyed, dismantled, or permitted to decompose |
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| an informal, though highly ritualized, get-together that takes place when a traditional woman in the UAE entertains morning or afternoon guests |
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| emphasis on sexuality. equates sexual libido with essential, beneficial and creative energy and tantric art enhance vital forces of the universe |
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| aliens living in South Africa who are forced to live in camps and oppressed by locals while they try to escape to fly home |
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| Similarities to the apartheid |
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| aliens were not able to have the same rights as humans, places they couldnt go, facilities they couldnt use, unlawfully killed. |
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Critique of the film.
How were the Nigerians depicted? |
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| Kept certain neighborhoods as all white and all black, also used in the business sector |
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| banned all sexual relations between different races |
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| formally banned the communist party of south africa and defined communism as any scheme that aimed "at bringing out any political, industrial, social or economic change within the the vision by the promotion of disturbance or disorder |
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| grand apartheid. this was the creation of ten african "homeland" based on a supurious correlation of ethinicity and geography and inspired by the earlier British colonial practice of native reservations |
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| made it compulsory for all black south africans over 16 to carry a pass book at all times. The law stipulated where, when and for how long a person could remain in an area |
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| the enforce of separation of races in all educational institutions. This policy was aimed at directing black youth to the unskilled labor market |
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Reservation of Separate Amenities Act
1953 |
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| legalize the separate by not necessarily equal public places for blacks, coloreds and whites that have sprung up since 1948 |
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| protestors are killed in sharpville after refusing to carry their reference books. 1963-64 |
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1- examining the ways that the stuggle against apartheid impacted the social milieus and the choices of representational forms available to black artisits
2- the development of modernist art among black artists in South Africa within its own social and aesthetic contexts
3- excavate and reinterpret the local context in terms of a cosmopolitan and nonracial art practice |
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painter: "yellow houses"
Was important because it encapsulated the hardships and oppertunities encountered by black artists and S. Africa during the second half of the 21st century. A romanticized view of an urban slum |
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| What happened during State of Emergency? What years were they put into place? |
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| a response to renewed outbreaks of violent resistance... renewed yearly until 1990. The police were again given wide-ranging powers for the forceful suppression of popular protest, including the detention and interrogation of suspects without trial. Over 30,000 people were detained between 1986 and 87 |
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| founded in 1899 as a white middle-class neighborhood. By 1910 it had become a working-class area and home to a congested vibrant mix of cultural types. 1930- mostly black, 1955-60 neighborhood was demolished |
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| modern art south africa was a "grey area", a space for the interactions of the sort not permitted in a larger society under apartheid |
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| may be characterized as a self-conscious break with the past, as an ongoing search for forms for expression, and by experimentation with nontraditional media |
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| Differences btw Black and White Artists |
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| black artists usually illustrated the lives of educated africans in an urban setting. White artists indigenized their own presence in Africa while also positioning themselves as a dominant minority |
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| Simply used to mean "black artists" |
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| if people cant connect, it will result in them hurting each other and not being able to understand each other |
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| extended the expressive distortion of human form to his imaginative limit |
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| primarily a philosophy of struggle against defeatism and psychological oppression within the black community, and it aimed to counter emotional negativity with hope, pride and self-determination |
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| black consciousness leader |
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pencil and ink artist of Zoomorphics, the tragedy of torture, muder and confinement
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| Chicken Series: importance and symbolism |
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drawings that depict the african school children and chickens
animal sacrifice binds and energizes a living community by strengthening the bond between the community of the living and deceased |
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| Biko's Body laid out on a metal coroner's tray, it floats in a field of red as if the blood is drained out and staining the surrounding rectangle |
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| 3 graces of the apartheid. Zoomorphic transformation of the human body, meant to evoke psychological inscription of daily cruelties inflicted on the people of Africa |
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| Role of black women in Sebidis art |
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bearers of tradition b/c they bear children
misogyny of their own homes, been exchanged or cattle in traditional pastoralist wedding gift called Lobola "breadwinners"
*animals used as symbols of aspects of human used as symbols of aspects of human nature or metaphorically |
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| how did black artists use depictions of tortured animals? |
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| a sign of the way forward |
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| how did white artists use depictions of tortured animals? |
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| indictment of the apartheid police state |
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| Medu Art Ensemble, mission? |
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had evolved into a multicultural collection of visual artists, writer and performers living in
*Medu members shared a common determination to fight apartheid using the tools of culture |
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| Culture and resistance festival in Gaborne? |
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| To examine and propose suggestions for the role of art in the pursuit of a future democratic, South Africa |
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| role political groups started playing |
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| conduits for laundering antiapartheid money into the country form overseas donors. Cultural events also became a platform and a cover.... |
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| Hippos, Casspirs and Buffers? |
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| police and soldiers in armored personnel carriers terrorized residents of South Africans black townships |
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| menacing looking trucks driven by African Police |
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| means to "climb or ride", horse or wagon driven by african police |
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| cages in the polices cars |
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| black schools were shut down, boycotted and children were caught btw police and militants |
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| Why did children turn Hippos into toys |
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| helped explain the secret internal life of what were really dangerous things for children |
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| Depicting the APC's in art |
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| evolved into simple code, a telegraphic sign for the military-style occupation of South Africa |
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| Where did South African adapt their abstract aesthetics from? |
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| United State during 1980's |
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South Sotho word meaning "to teach by example"
historic point of intersection for a number of local international, aesthetic, philanthropic and political interests |
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| Started Thupelo, student at University of Natal |
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| Collaborator with Bill Ainsile for many projects. One of these was a black-run exhibition in downtown Johannesburg |
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| Difference btw Koloane and Mnyele |
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| Koloane was interested in modernist abstract art along the lines developed by Ainslee whereas Mnyele was more into social realism |
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| Triangle Artists Workshop |
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Invited artists from US, Canada and England
Formalism in TAW: referred to the leading theorist of the formalist school |
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| accusations of elitism and exclusively lack of political commitment not being south African enough |
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artist: Sam Nhlengthwa
depicts the death of Steven Biko |
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Where does the title come from?
(it left him cold) |
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| Minister of Justice James Krugers bloodless statement of Biko's murder |
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What is it symbolic of?
(it left him cold) |
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| symbolic of the daily humiliation, segregation and brutality that the black population was made to suffer |
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artist: Madi Phala
contradicted the thrust of Younge's own argument about nonreferntial, a political art emanting from Thupelo workshops |
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Describe the relevance of the title
(these guys are heavy) |
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| 'heavy' is a reference to black-american slang term |
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How does this painting relate to music?
(these guys are heavy) |
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| relates to music: 1960's rap group called themselves "the brand new heavies" |
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| Thupelo-inspired painter, graphic artist similar to Mnyele |
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| the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices |
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| on the tenth anniversary of Soweto, they debated whether to print a story on it or not. They printed an issue with black marks all through it |
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distressed and smudged painting
disembodied heads
stressed out cartoons
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| Barker's Aplies River Symbolism |
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| south african landscape reps. diamonds and gold and buries shattered men |
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| Voortrecker Monument in Petoria |
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designed as a focal point for the celebration of Afrikaner nationalism
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| openly miscegnated the divine and the profane |
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| Tracey Rose's Performance |
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| she unraveled 25 crocheted doilies and wrapped them around the police monument |
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Symbolism
(of tracey rose's performance) |
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*make peace with the fractured past of the country
*restaged the relationships btw white men and colored women and the rest of South African society |
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seeking attention, depriving an image of its power and diminishing a political power
*revelation |
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| Why is it important to keep ridicule? |
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*redirect attention
*newer, fresher
*"thaw the visually refied regime |
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| a teacher, a collector or visual memories and a quietly influential art world figure in South Africa. Born in Germiston south of Johannesburg |
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| His early art was ceramics and jewlery. During the 70s he focused on watercolor on paper. During the 80s he most likely had oils and acrylics, handmade paper |
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| it was art forms that are rooted in the customary celebration of the life cycle. Because it gained the reputation of being "tribal and ethnic" art is south african. The government ecouraged and sponsored it because they thought it made "races" and made disticively different cultures btw. black and white. Blacks did it to assert african beauty |
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| Photography Differentiated |
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| the settler elite heigherarchy from their colonized subject, by making the white look sophisticated and the natives look primitive |
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| used as a standard visiting card, with a portrait in the place of name and address, comared to Tuma, b/c Tuma made blacks look primitive |
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| photographs of shacks, slums and slums were use in sociological surveys to bolster the segregationalish ideology by illustrating the "insanity" and "undesirable" aspects of native life in town |
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| a multiracial collective whose work helped give shape and direction to the wider trend toward committed camera work an agency and a picture library and to stimulate documentary photography |
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| black and white photography |
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| color photography was not seen to be appropriate for serious photography, it was easier to work with, developed more simply and affordable |
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| The Cordorned Heart vs Beyond the Barricades |
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| the cordoned heart was to expose the causes and conditions of poverty and document the acts of resistance beyond the barricades draws attention to the scenes of popular unrest and police violence |
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| a famous photographer, who used color photography because he claimed "color restores peoples dignity" color also shows the humaness of the occupants in their private spaces |
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| if we recall that apartheid was foremost a politics of space, of radicalized control over rights to mobility and over individual choice of location for living, the notion of "ownership" that is evoked through mthethwa's work carriers great significant |
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| was instrumental in charting the turn to subtler investigations of the image of black life before the end of apartheid. Black Photo Album/Look at Me was meant to accomplish an oral history research projectm, but ended up disinterring (digging up) these old pictures and their old stories of black life before apartheid and re-created a narrative for them |
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