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| Explaining the world and why the world is the way it is.....emotional release, healing and psychological support.....provide social cohesion, maintaning social order.....basis for law and judical systems |
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| FULL TIME religious practitioners who are skilled in the practice of specific rituals......keepers of sacred law....organized into heirarchy....*do not have direct contact with spirits no supernatural powers...found in stratefied societies |
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| PART-TIME religious practitioners who have the power to contact invisible powers directly on behalf of individuals or groups......religious entrepreneuers....no hierarchy...intervention on behalf of clients to convince spirits |
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| alter the way of thinking to enter into spiritual world....meditation...sleep deprivation...self torture...fasting...drugs |
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| cultures come together through direct or indirect forces and form a new.....colonization, intermingling old &new....change framework |
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| religion based responses to societal crisis___go back to traditional ways___can lead to large-scale religious and political movements |
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| special kinds of revitalization movement....emerge when small-scale society has regular contact with industrial society but lacks wealth, technology, and living standards___involves mimicry and manipulation |
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| the culturally constructed roles assigned to males and females in society...cultural classification system |
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| bioligical make-up of men vs. women....CULTURAL CONSTRUCT...looks different in different cultures |
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| how people internalize and enact the attitudes and expectations that are associated with their gender category___body language, speech, dressing, nonverbal communication |
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| Clothing & Cross Dressing |
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| important in expressing gender identity....ex. men can't wear skirts, its not culturally excepted |
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| takes idendity of a male, and socially becomes a man, fills social and economic roles of men except for sex...take a vow to remain celebate and swear off marriage.....patrilineal, patrilocal, patriarchal...take on role and puberty decided by her grandparents...DO THIS WHEN: they want out of arranged marriages....or when a family has only daughters and they want to hold onto their wealth |
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| jazz pianist...thought to be a man, but he was a female....he became this way because in the 1930s it was unacceptable to be a female and be gay...and musicians were also male |
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| intermediate gender category, neither male nor female...gender binary, not universal |
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| many gender roles beside male vs. female...they are not seen as male or female |
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| male servants, move freely in womens quarters and participate in womens activities, homosexual prostitutes, able to move about freely in public as men do, keeps mans legal status, can marry if he can proove that he can have sex w/ a woman |
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| biological men--> socially female biological female--> socially male .......enter through personal inclination, expressing interest in opposite sex.....girl can contribute to family by hunting, taking on rold of men.....spiritual calling, vision to train in the skills of opposite gender...THOUGHT TO HAVE HEALING POWER...sex wasnt seen as homosexual because they arent male or female, they are a spirit |
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| born as men...socially female......... community worships a goddess...emasculation process to express devotion...they count themselves as women after opperation |
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