Term
| Who did psychological studies to understand primate minds in the 1920s/1930s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Clarence Ray Carpenter study and when? |
|
Definition
| Howler monkeys in the 1930's and 1940's |
|
|
Term
| Who studied baboons in the 1950's? |
|
Definition
Sherwood Washburn
He studied the hominid transition to terrestrial habitat |
|
|
Term
| Who funded the trimates? When? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dian Fossey
Jane Goodall
Brute Galdikas |
|
|
Term
| What organization did Dian Fossey found? |
|
Definition
| Gorilla Fund International |
|
|
Term
| What organization did Jane Goodall found? |
|
Definition
| The Jane Goodall Institute |
|
|
Term
| Who founded Orangutan Foundation International? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of research did Jane Goodall do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Jane Goodall work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Jane Goodall criticized for? |
|
Definition
| Using anthropomorphic terminology which was unscientific |
|
|
Term
| What does the Jane Goodall Institute do? |
|
Definition
fundraising for wildlife, animal and human rights, environmental protection
Roots and shoots |
|
|
Term
| How many years did Jane Goodall research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Birute Galdikas study orangutans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many years did Birute Galdikas research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the trimates was murdered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Dian Fossey study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Fossey begin a campaign against gorilla poaching? |
|
Definition
| When poachers killed Digit, a male gorilla Fossey was attached to |
|
|
Term
| Where did Dian Fossey study? |
|
Definition
| Zaire, then Rwanda (due to political unrest) |
|
|
Term
| What did Takayoshi Kano study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Takayoshi Kano study? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Democratic Republic of Congo
due to civil unrest, is frequently disrupted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actions carried out by an individual |
|
|
Term
| What is the procedure for documenting primate behavior? (2 steps) |
|
Definition
| It is first perceived, then recorded |
|
|
Term
| Is the documentation for primate behavior subject to error? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the potential errors in documenting primate behavior? (two) |
|
Definition
human interpretation
errors from bias |
|
|
Term
| What are the three common forms of bias when interpreting behavior? |
|
Definition
1) Anthropocentrism
2) Anthropomorphism
3) Primatomorphism |
|
|
Term
| What is the anthropocentrism error bias? |
|
Definition
| humans tend to view Homo sapiens as superior |
|
|
Term
| What is the anthropomorphism bias? |
|
Definition
| humans tend to ascribe human meaning to non-human behavior |
|
|
Term
| What is the primatomorphism bias? |
|
Definition
| An excuse - since humans are primates, primate-like behaviors should be found in humans and human-like behaviors should be found in primates |
|
|
Term
| How should an anthropologist avoid anthropomorphic bias? |
|
Definition
| Describe behaviors rather than infer meanings |
|
|
Term
| What are two types of behavioral research questions? |
|
Definition
Conditional behavior
adaptive significance of behavior |
|
|
Term
| What does the study of proximate behavior deal with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two questions asked when studying proximate behavior? |
|
Definition
What caused the immediate behavior?
What is the individual experience of the animal? |
|
|
Term
| What type of behavior is seen when birds fly south for winter? |
|
Definition
Proximate
--researchers only see the immediate behavior, not the adaptive significance of the behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behaviors which may reflect an animals life stage (juvenile play, for example) |
|
|
Term
| What do ultimate explanations deal with? |
|
Definition
| evolutionary benefits (or costs) of a behavior |
|
|
Term
| What two key questions are asked for ultimate explanations? |
|
Definition
What are the costs/benefits of this behavior?
How was this behavior selected for? |
|
|
Term
| What are three reasons given for studying behavior? |
|
Definition
understand behaviors evolve
understand early social organization and environmental influences
infer about human ancestral behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Which primates are considered the closest living relatives to humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is life on earth hypothesized to have begun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is hypothesized that humans diverged from today's apes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical expression of your genes (combination of environmental and genetic influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary relatedness between species |
|
|
Term
| Define interspecific variation |
|
Definition
| variation between two species |
|
|
Term
| Define intraspecific variation |
|
Definition
| variation among individuals within a species |
|
|
Term
| Define Behavioral ecology |
|
Definition
| using evolutionary principles to understand adaptive advantages in different environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological differences between males and females beyond their respective reproductive systems |
|
|
Term
| define sexual monomorphism |
|
Definition
| biological simularities between males and females beyond their respective reproductive systems |
|
|
Term
| Define hierarchies of behavior |
|
Definition
| differential access resources / mates |
|
|
Term
| Define agonistic behavior |
|
Definition
| aggressive / submissive interactions |
|
|
Term
| Define egalitarian behavior |
|
Definition
| nonhierarchical, equal status |
|
|
Term
| Define affiliative behaviors |
|
Definition
| close proximity, frequent positive social interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a male with multiple female partners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a female with multiple male partners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tend to live as a mated pair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tend to live in larger groups and break into smaller groups when foraging during the day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remain within the natal group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| males disperse and females remain philopatric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| females disperse and males remain philopatric |
|
|
Term
| What is an insectivore diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a faunivore diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a frugivore diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the layers in a tropical forest primate habitat? |
|
Definition
Emergent layer (top)
Canopy (next under top)
Understory (tree trunks, bottom branches)
(note that primates are arboreal, and will not be in the bottom two layers of tropical forest habitat--shrubs and forest floor) |
|
|
