Term
| Major changes in Human evolution |
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Definition
| Increased brainsize, bipedalis, smaller teeth/jaw size, use of tools (stone) |
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Term
| Characteristics of Bipedalism |
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Definition
| Centrally located foramen magnum, S curved spine, bowl shaped pelivs, centrally angled femurs, robust heel. |
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Definition
| Evolved to see over the tall grass, to conserve energy, to free hands to use/make tools and carry food. |
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Definition
| rapid burial, oxygen free environment, pressure & time |
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Term
| Where can fossils be found |
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Definition
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Definition
| First genus homo with a flat face |
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Definition
| only long bones and teeth recovered |
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Definition
| early evolution of bipedalism and cooperation, challenged idea of how early these things developed in human evolution |
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Term
| Difference between australopithecus and Paranthropus? |
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Definition
Australopithecus have a saggital heel, smaller teeth, smaller jaw, more gracile
Pranthropus have a saggital crest, larger teeth (molars), larger jaw, more robust. |
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Definition
| Louis Leakey & Mary Leakey in 1978 |
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| Donald Johnson (Afarensis not Africanus) |
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Definition
| Josephine Salmons, Pat Izod, E.G. Izod. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Richard Leakey (a nearly complete skeleton of a hominid who died in the early Pleistocene) |
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Definition
| Davidson Black & Franz Weidenreich |
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Definition
| Homo georgicus discovered here (predated erectus) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Neaderthal tomb (Jean and Amédée Bouyssonie, as well as L. Bardon) |
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Definition
| Mike Morwood (found on Flores of Indonesia) |
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Definition
| Louis Lartet (first early modern humans) |
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Definition
| New missing link between Australopithecus and Homo |
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| Specific features of Homo Erectus |
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Definition
| Post orbital restriction, super orbital sulka, thick cranial walls, saggital heel, long low brain case. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was fire so important to early Homo Erectus |
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Definition
| Allowed us to become true bipeds because we had protection at night, also had better nutrients out of our food, could eat a wider variety of food, more energy overall, got rid of our body hair because we didn't need it for warmth anymore, increases brain size & body size. |
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Definition
| deliberate hominid bone processing by hominids |
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Term
| Differences between Homo Sapiens and Homo Neaderthalensis |
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Definition
Neanderthal: Occipital bun, shorter a& stockier to deal with the cold, larger nose & sinuses, fur clothes.
Sapiens: High& wide varietals, larger chin |
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Term
| Causes of Island dwarfism |
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Definition
| lack of resources on an island forces a large bodied species to get smaller to cope (the Hobbit) |
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Term
| Know Homo sapiens dispersal |
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Definition
| Start in Africa> middle east > Asia > Australia > backtrack into Europe > land bridge to North America > then South America |
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Term
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Definition
| Sculptures, engravings, cave art, Magdelnian |
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Term
| African replacement model |
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Definition
| Started in Africa, then out competed Erectus and Neanderthals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leave Africa, out compete Erectus in Asia, then meet Neanderthals in Europe and interbreed with them |
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Definition
| Appeared in multiple locations, piecemeal across the old world (different places and different times), mondern humans arise through gene flow, interbreeding possible between two populations |
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Term
| Two changes leading to agricultural revolution |
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Definition
| Change in the environment and increasing population size |
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Term
| Where did agriculture first develop? |
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Definition
| Fertile Crescent in the Jordan Valley. |
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Term
| Changes agriculture has caused to us both Culturally & Biologically: |
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Definition
| Sedentary Populations, smaller less robust bones, changing human face, higher infections & parasite rates, reduced child growth & development, higher enamel defects, higher iron deficiency, reduced adult height. |
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Definition
| lacts nutrients and needs to be supplemented |
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Definition
| Milk sugars, dairy farming and natural selection, the human digestive system isn't used to processing dairy products. |
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Term
| What domestication is and how it influenced plants and animals: |
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Definition
| To change something at a genetic level, accentuating the traits beneficial to humans. |
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Term
| Goals of forensic anthropology: |
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Definition
| Know the cause of death, idnetify the body, give the information over to the proper authorities, provide reliable witness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual dimorphism, ancestry, age, stature/height, individual variation. |
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Definition
| Sex, age, ancestry, stature, pathology, trauma, modification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimortem (before death), Perimortem (at or near the time of death), and Postmortem (after death). |
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