Term
|
Definition
Differences in pronunciation
Can tell a lot about a person's background |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using more than one language in the course of conversing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonspecialized portion of vocabulary
What you would expect an everyday person to use in conversation
All languages have a core vocabulary of a similar size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Variant forms of language
Differences in phonology, morphology, and syntax
Because of physical and social separation from original language differences emerge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vocabulary
Society's language can reflect its culture
Experiences, events, or objects are singled out and given words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A dictionary approximates
Consists of words, morphs, and their meanings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest unit of language that has a meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One or more morphs with the same meaning may make up a morpheme
prefix un, as in unclear, belongs to morpheme not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How sound sequences convey meaning and how meaningful sound sequences are strung together to form words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Different sounds
Human vocal tract can make a very large number of these theoretically
Each language uses a limited number
Difficulty making different phones - difficulty learning a foreign language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sound or set of sounds that makes a difference in meaning in that language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rules or principles that predict how sounds are made and how they are used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reconstructed language
Compare languages and find similarities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How words are strung together to form phrases and sentences |
|
|
Term
| Symbolic Communication (p. 235) |
|
Definition
1) The communication has meaning even when its referent (whatever it's referred to) isn't present
2) The meaning is arbitrary, couldn't guess the meaning just from sounds or instinctively guess |
|
|
Term
| Nonhuman Communication (p. 235) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (p. 249) |
|
Definition
Language is a force in its own right
Affects how individuals in a society percieve and conceive reality
Most linguists don't accept that language coerces thought, but some suspect that particular features may facilitate certain patterns of thought |
|
|
Term
| Ethnography of Speaking (p. 250) |
|
Definition
| Cultural and subcultural pattern of speech variation in different social contexts |
|
|
Term
Article
Why are "Mother Tongues" Retained? How Long? (p. 254) |
|
Definition
Third generation has the most success with a new language
Associations |
|
|
