Term
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Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Blueprint for life
Double helix
made up of sugar and phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine |
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Term
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Definition
| Mother cell divides into 2 daughter cells; an exact copy of itself |
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Term
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Definition
Nuclear DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
It must be transcribed into the m(essenger)RNA in order to leave the nucleus
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Term
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Definition
mRNA is transfered into RNA (tRNA)
Every 3 bases of tRNA codes for a specific amino acid
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Term
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Definition
64 unique 3-base combinations
20 total amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Each strand of a chromosome during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of attachment of the two strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, granular structure in cytoplams which divides during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| strands that originate from the centrioles and attach to the centromeres |
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Term
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Definition
| physical splitting of a cell into two halves |
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Term
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Definition
| Two homologous copies of each chromosome, coming from one mother and one father |
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Term
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Definition
| Have one copy of each chromosome, like gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex cell that fuse with one another during fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Rest phase; DNA replicates |
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Term
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Definition
Preparation for division
Chromatin twists into chromatid
Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes line up along the equator
Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles and attach at the centromeres |
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Term
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Definition
| Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart |
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Term
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Definition
Cytokinesis occurs (actual splitting of the cells)
The mother cell splits along the equator
Nuclear membrane reforms around the chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
Development of sex cells (gametes)
Ova - women
Sperm - men |
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Term
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Definition
| The pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during Meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Paired and replicated chromosomes, have 2 chromosomes, and 4 chromatids, 1 from mom, one from dad |
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Term
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Definition
| The failure of chromosome pairs to separate during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in genetic sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of mutation that cuases the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide |
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Term
| Reduction Division (Meiosis) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| VERY similar to Mitosis Prophase 1, but also has a chance of "Crossing Over" |
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Term
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Definition
| Same as Mitosis Metaphase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cytokinesis occurs
End result is two haploid cells with 23 double-stranded chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Double stranded chromosomes line up on the equators of both sides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Both cells split apart
Four haploid gametes are produced
Each has 23 single stranded chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
Begins at puberty, continues until death
80 days to make 1 sperm
4 haploid gametes |
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Term
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Definition
Formation of egg cell
Begins during fetal stage, ends at birth
Women are born with all oocytes fully formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion or section of DNA that controls the production of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative expression for the gene/several different forms |
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Term
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Definition
| Allele of particular gene may be the same or different in an individaul |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A heterozygous conditionwhere niether allele is dominant or recessive, so both are expressed in the phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Actual set of genes a person has either for a specific gene, a set of genes, or the entire complement of their genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| In sexually reproducing species, a zygote will receive genetic information from both parents and will, in turn, produce gametes that contain the unaltered combination from either the maternal or paternal parent |
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Term
| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| Distribution of one pair of alleles into gametes does not influence the distribution of other pairs |
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Term
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Definition
Reproducting sampling error
Usually due to small populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, unrepresentitive protion onf a population migrates to a different place and establishes a new colony |
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Term
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Definition
| changes allele freqencies in a population |
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Term
| Demonstration that gene freqnencies would not change from one generation as long as 5 conditions exist |
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Definition
Random mating is occuring
Male and Femals are equal in number
The population is large
There is no emigration or immigration
Natural selection, mutation, and random genetic drift are not occuring |
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