Term
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Definition
relationship between parent and child connects back to common ancestor.
assigns legal status
controls distribution of property and goods
all members substitutable
usually about 5 generations deep
vary in size |
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Definition
women run household
mother's brother tends to have much power |
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Definition
| composed of multiple lineages, descended from a common ancestor, often a mythic figure. harder to reckon kinship. |
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Definition
| given kin title, but not blood related. |
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Definition
| groups of people who live together, interact. based on shared geography, language and customs. |
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Definition
| recognized and named groups of people organized on basis of shared interests, with particular division of labor and shared sets of goals. |
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| publicly recognized social position, often named. |
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| set of rights and responsibilities that come with a status |
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Definition
| status that you are born with. cannot change. |
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| status that is acquired through work |
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Definition
| clusters of social statuses and group that share a common factor |
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Definition
| social statuses in terms of social interactions and enduring relations of individuals in social groups |
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Definition
| role relationships that come into being as societies, move through time together |
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Definition
| societies exist to fulfill basic human needs |
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Definition
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Definition
| based on law, sociology, organic |
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Definition
| based on kinship, anthropology, mechanical |
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Definition
| kinship based on societies where all necessary means for survival can be carried out by families |
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Definition
| division of labor, not self sufficient, large scale, specialized divisions of labor that cannot stand on their own. |
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| control over people, ability to make people do things that they don't want to do. |
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Definition
| honor given to group or individual, acknowledges social standing |
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Definition
| equal access to wealth, power and prestige |
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Term
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Definition
| equal access to wealth and power. greater access to prestige. |
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Definition
| unequal access to wealth, power and prestige. institutionalized, caste system |
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Definition
| any sort of group that cuts across kinship relationships |
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| rough groups of people born around the same time |
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Definition
| sequence of statuses gone through as age |
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Term
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Definition
| group of people with secret knowledge, perform public works |
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Definition
| membership ascribed at birth, mobility not allowed, endogamous, occupational roles, ranked on basis of purity and pollution, dietary restrictions |
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Term
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Definition
| have access to labor, no wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| have access to capital, means of production. |
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| social mobility is possible |
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Definition
| social mobility is not allowed |
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Definition
| culturally defined categories based on physical appearance and assumed geographical origins |
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Definition
subtitles in race.
lighter black vs. darker black |
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Definition
| higher social class, higher race. supercedes social classification. |
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Term
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Definition
social differentiations based on culture.
race, customs, appearance, mannerisms, geography, religion |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage outside one's ethnic or racial group |
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Term
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Definition
| physical extermination of group of people |
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Definition
| biological, physical differentiation between males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| humans are separate from other humans. individuals sacrifice freedoms to be members of society. every man is an island, pursue own interest. |
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Term
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Definition
causal chain of events that cause events to happen without any individual free will
ex. -biological determinism, cultural determinism |
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Term
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Definition
| person's ability to reflect on their culture, to look at culture rationally, make choices about what they'll do and act on these choices |
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Definition
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| ways certain cultural systems are more likely to introduce certain personality types |
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Definition
| God of art, sun, rationality, individual |
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Definition
| God of wine, chaos, theatre, social |
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Term
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Definition
| ways of thinking, feeling and acting that a person practices that are consistent over time |
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Term
| basic personality structure |
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Definition
| emerges from interactions between primary social institutions (child rearing, sexual expression, economic practices) and secondary social institutions (ritual and religious elements used to cope) |
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Term
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Definition
| typical personality of a cultural group, through statistical method |
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Term
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Definition
| informant will project personality through answers in test |
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Definition
| ways that children learn all the practices, learn how to be an adult in a society |
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Term
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Definition
ways in which adults teach children how to behave properly.
ex.- story telling, swaddling, weaning, potty training |
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Term
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Definition
| anthropologists paid attention to his views of enculturation and child rearing as examples of causing cultural personality |
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Term
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Definition
| patterned on basis of social system it comes from |
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Term
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Definition
| human individual as separate from other individuals and things in society |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of self-aware individuals to pursue own goals, even in face of opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| individual's own assessment of one's strengths, weaknesses, likes/dislikes in the social world |
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Term
| social constituted person |
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Definition
| define themselves by role or status |
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Definition
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Definition
child rearing practices that teach children to be self-reliant individuals
ex.-potty training, tying shoes, doing chores, getting a job |
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Term
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Definition
child rearing practices that focus on teaching social roles and statuses to promote interest of group over that of individual
ex.-arranged marriage, sharing |
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Term
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Definition
| documents the ways that different cultural systems categorize the world, tries to find patterns within categories |
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Term
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Definition
innate ability to reason,
humans universally categorize the world around them, everyone has the same cognitive capacity. |
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Definition
| way that humans see the world, categorize the world and incorporate information |
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Term
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Definition
| phonetic, study of all possible sounds, outsider accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| phonemic, sounds within a cultural group, insider accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| cross cultural study of the effect that culture has on perception and cognition |
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Term
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Definition
| related parts under single category. key cognitive unit in which configuration overshadows the part, meanings emerge from shared social roles |
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Definition
| classification of things in world which one is familiar, classification of other things in world based on |
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Definition
| way that particular group or individual solves problems |
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Term
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Definition
| looking at big picture first, then details |
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Term
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Definition
| details first, then big picture |
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Term
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Definition
| interior experiences of persons that are shaped by the location in a particular field of power relations |
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Term
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Definition
| patterns of affect, categories of feelings that are culturally specific |
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Term
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Definition
| severe suffering caused by agents of forces outside of the individual's control |
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Term
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Definition
| political, economic or social structures that enable violence differently for different groups of people |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| relations within a territorial system between groups of persons who live in spatially well-defined areas and are conscious of their identity and exclusiveness |
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Definition
| all persons speak same language and have same culture, consider themselves to be different from like aggregates |
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Definition
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Definition
| ability to persuade someone to follow your lead |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| power becomes institutionalized, power attached to a social status |
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Term
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Definition
| ways in which power relations affect social relations and the competition for power, involves study of government |
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Term
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Definition
| status holders carrying out decisions for the welfare of the group |
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Term
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Definition
focuses on 4 main issues:
how leadership is manifested in society,
how leadership is acquired, performed and maintained,
how disputes are settled,
how power and authority are utilized |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how access to natural and cultural resources are controlled and contested; how people are linked to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| interested in division of labor in society and politics that underly this, creation of, consequences |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| person who is selected to represent group to outsiders, doesn't necessarily have power within the group |
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Term
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Definition
| person who has influence to negotiate and organize complex arrangements and exchanges |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fixed rankings, one lineage has higher standing than another. chief part of the lineage, has status, authority and power. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boundaries should line up. one ruler for all people who share language and culture |
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Term
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Definition
| technical definition. ruler can delegate positions of power, supported by system of taxation, redistributes taxes in form of public works |
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Term
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Definition
| technical. cultural mechanisms for resolving conflicts, disputes and behavior infractions. law includes fighting, dispute resolution.. |
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Term
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Definition
| penalty allocated in the case of non compliance with authority, can exist outside formal legal code |
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Term
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Definition
| formal law, applies to all members of society with particular attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| describes how lawbreakers are to be treated |
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Term
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Definition
| private disputes between individuals before court, relying on legal code |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes against society, wronged party doesn't get to punish offender |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| members of a nation have a sense of ... |
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Term
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Definition
| change in social status, sexual access, economic access, legitimacy in kin group |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual relations are prohibited between certain relations |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of marrying within a certain group, forbidding marriage outside of group |
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Definition
| marriage outside of village/kingroup |
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Term
| sister exchange/alliance theory |
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Definition
| one brother exchanges sister for another family's sister, to cement family relationships, arranged marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| system in which groom's family makes some sort of material trade for bride, compensation for taking bride. if marriage dissolves, bridewealth is to be returned |
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Term
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Definition
| material payment or land that accompanies bride to groom's family from parents or kin group |
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Term
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Definition
| wife is encouraged to commit suicide/burned to death when dowry promised is not received |
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Term
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Definition
| groom works for bride's family before allowed to marry bride |
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Term
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Definition
| one man, one woman in marriage |
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Definition
| one man/woman, many partners |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| one woman with multiple husbands |
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Definition
| one woman marries brothers |
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Definition
| many wives, many husbands. often in communes |
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Term
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Definition
| having multiple husbands or wives, but one at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| widower marries wife's sister |
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Term
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Definition
| widow marries husband's brother |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bride and groom move into new household |
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Term
| patrilocal/virilocal residence |
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Definition
| bride moves in with husband's family |
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Term
| matrilocal/uxorilocal residence |
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Definition
| husband moves in with wife's family |
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Term
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Definition
| bride is incorporated into husband's uncle's family |
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Term
| ambilocal/bilocal residence |
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Definition
| bride and groom choose where to move, either bride or groom's household |
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Term
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Definition
| husband lives with family, wife lives with family, may be in place of a divorce |
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Term
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Definition
| based on marriage: mother, father, children |
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Term
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Definition
| mother and children, or father and children |
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Term
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Definition
| mother, father, children. consists of two generations |
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Term
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Definition
| husband, all wives, all children, two generations |
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Term
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Definition
| brothers, sisters and families all live together in one household. two generations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| divorced parents and children move into sam household. two generations |
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Term
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Definition
| conjugal relationship between two members of same sex |
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Term
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Definition
| social organization on basis of birth, marriage and nurturance that determines the rights and obligations of the individual |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| culturally defined relationships based on birth and nurturance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tend to be those linked by blood |
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Term
| bilateral/cognatic descent |
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Definition
| kinship traced along both mother's line and father's line |
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Term
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Definition
| either mother's OR father's line |
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Term
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Definition
| reckoned along father's line |
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Term
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Definition
| reckoned along mother's line |
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