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Definition
| The difference that exists between individuals or populations |
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Definition
| The proportion of total variance in trait due to genetic variation. Measure is not always the same; actual value depends on the degree of environmental variation in any population |
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Definition
| The process of DNA undergoing transcription; RNA becoming a protein through translation (via tRNA) |
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Definition
| Section of DNA that has a distinct purpose |
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Definition
| DNA sequences bound together by proteins; found in the nucleus of cells |
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Definition
| The creation of sex cells by replication of chromosomes followed by 2 cell divisions; each sex cell then contains 50% of an individual's chromosomes |
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Definition
| The process of cell replication by duplicating and splitting of chromosomes in body cells; each cell produces two identical copies |
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Definition
| The specific position of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome |
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Definition
| The alternative forms of a gene at a locus |
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Definition
| Within body cells alleles occur in pairs; when sex cells are formed only one of each pair is passed on |
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Definition
Is the genetic endowment of an individual. It is
specified by two alleles at a locus in an individual. |
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Definition
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Definition
| When they both affect both of the heterozygous genotype; neither is dominant over the other |
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Term
| Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| Segregation of any pair of chromosomes does not influence the segregation of any other pair of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Production of new combinations of DNA
sequences caused by exchanges of DNA during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
Exchange of DNA between
chromosomes during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| present/absence (Carabelli's cusp) |
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Definition
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Definition
| A continuum of possible outcomes (people of all different shades of skin) |
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Term
| Additive Genetic Variance |
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Definition
A quantity that allows us to explain why
relatives of different degrees resemble one another for genetic reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| The change in allele frequencies through time; OR the suite of processes that shapes the diversity of life by acting on genetic variation |
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Definition
| Ultimate source of all variation...Random; Sometimes Advantageous; By Environmental Factors; To have Evolutionary Importance must occur in Sex Cell; |
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Definition
| Random sampling of alleles in finite populations across generations; result in random changes to allele frequencies |
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Definition
| Type of Genetic Drift; drastic reduction, then the surviving individual's traits become the new genetic makeup of the new generation |
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Definition
| Traits are heritable; variation in traits; differential survival and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of genetic variation leading to a new colony from a large population. |
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Term
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
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Definition
| in absence of nonrandom mating and evolutionary forces, genotype/allele frequencies will remain the same from one generation to the next |
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Definition
| Movement of alleles from one population to another |
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Definition
| Forming a new species from a parent species - elimination or reduction of gene flow between populations |
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| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
| Reproductive capability of inbreeding; matings must occur in nature (tigers/lions are not nature because they don't in nature); offspring must be fertile |
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Definition
| Transformation of single species over time - straight line evolution |
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Definition
| Formation of a new species whereby one or more new species branch off from original species (branching evolution) |
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Definition
| When new environments open up, or when new adaptations to a specific environment develop; many species can form |
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Term
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Definition
| macroevolution is a slow and gradual process |
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Term
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Definition
| Pattern of macroevolution change in which long periods of little evolutionary change (stasis) are followed by relatively short periods of rapid evolutionary change |
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Definition
| Similarity due to descent from a common ancestor |
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Definition
| Similarity due to independent evolution |
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Definition
| Independent evolution of similar traits in rather distinct evolutionary lines |
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Definition
| Independent evolution of traits in closely related species |
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Definition
| Traditional method; stresses overall similarity of all (primitive and derived) homologou traits in classification |
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Term
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Definition
| School of though that stresses evolutionary relationships between organisms based on derived homologous traits |
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Definition
| Common ancestor & all descendents |
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Definition
| Leaveout certain descendent |
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Definition
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Definition
| Growth & Development classification |
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Definition
| Evolutionary ancestory/descentry classification |
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Term
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Definition
| Two homologous copies of chromosomes, usually from mother and father |
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