Term
| Mechanisms of social integration |
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Definition
| kinship, gender and sex, association |
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| organization through ties of descent and marriage |
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| Cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex |
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Definition
| Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males, needed for bio. reproduction |
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Definition
| production, exchange, consumption |
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Definition
| Means/resources include land, labor, tech, knowledge, and capital. Social relationships among individuals & groups involved. Modes are patterns in organization and structure of production |
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Term
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Definition
| Practices transferring things between people and allocating things to those who want or need them (reciprocity, redistribution, market, or exchange system) |
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Definition
| use or intake. can be minimalist, satisfying, or consumerist |
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Term
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Definition
| A human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to distinct set of biological attributes |
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Definition
| A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria. |
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| Imagined communities and identities |
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Definition
| Ethnic groups, social races, nationalities |
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Definition
| Social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity |
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Term
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Definition
| A sense of identification with and loyalty to a nation-state |
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Term
| Broad patterns of descent in constructing kinship systems |
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Definition
| bilateral kinship; unilineal descent: matrinal and patrineal |
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Term
| General patterns of marriage |
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Definition
| monogamy, polygyny (one man to 2+ women), polyandry (one woman to 2+ men) |
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Term
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Definition
| Life stages linked to obligations, expectations, behaviors, statuses. Triggered by changes in biological state (puberty) or socially recognized statuses (marriage or childbirth) |
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Definition
| social category or social group whose members are of similar age, have common identities, maintain close ties over prolonged period, together pass through series of age-related statuses |
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Definition
| Special-purpose groupings that may be organized on the basis of age, sex, economic role, and personal interest |
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Definition
| medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes |
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Term
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Definition
| Found among foragers. Small, usually no more than 50, labor divided ordinarily based on age and sex. All adults have roughly equal access to whatever material or social valuables are locally available. |
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Definition
| Society generally larger than a band, whose members usually farm or herd for a living. Social relations are still relatively egalitarian, although there may be a chief who speaks for the group or organizes certain group activities. |
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| A leader (chief) and close relatives are set apart from the rest of society and allowed privileged access to wealth, power and prestige. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified society that possesses a territory that is defended from outside enemies with an army and from internal disorder with police. A state, which has a separate set of governmental institutions designed to enforce laws & to collect taxes and tribute; run by an elite that possesses a monopoly on the use of force. |
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Definition
| social position assigned at birth |
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| Social position one may attain later in life, often as the result of their (or others') effort |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on understandings of commonality rather than actual interactions; allows for larger social groups; multiple can function as sodalities in large societies |
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Definition
| persistence of social & econ linkages between former colonies and colonial rulers |
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Definition
| Transferal of people, plants, animals, technologies, and cultural behaviors between Old World and Americas |
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Term
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Definition
| The reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces |
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Term
| Impact of globalization on COLONIZED |
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Definition
| disruption of traditional economic patterns, exports of raw materials and labor, indebtedness to colonizers |
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Term
| Impacts of globalization on COLONIZERS |
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Definition
| Wealth flowing to centers, increases in wealth disparities- depression of lower socio-economic class |
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Term
| Applying Anthropology: Personal |
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Definition
| anthropological perspectives, knowledge of others, reflexivity |
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Term
| Broader applications of anthropology |
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Definition
| Economic development, agricultural development, public health, public policy |
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Term
| Major Areas of Ethical Reponsibilities |
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Definition
| Subjects, scholarship and science (the Discipline), the public, teaching, employers and clients, application |
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Term
| When ethical responsibilities are in conflict, to whom do anthropologists owe the highest priority? |
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Definition
| People or animals they study; the subjects and their ancestors or descendants |
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Definition
Shared focus on human beings as social and cultural beings.
While culture isn't always a central focus, it's nearly always relevant |
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Definition
| The desire to consume goods in great amounts- increasing with time |
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| Fundamental ethical consideration for anthropologists |
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Definition
| To exercise cultural relativism and not use any ethnocentric biases in research |
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Definition
| Consideration of how bio. and culture interact & influence each other. Culture may depict diet, which may physically change us (the other way around is our biology may cause us to prefer certain foods, changing culture) |
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